Optical-electronic System and Software Complex for Research and Identification of Macro- and Micro-optical Elements of Security Holograms

The paper presents an automated optical-electronic software and hardware complex for carrying out activities to identify and control the authenticity of diffraction and holographic optical security elements. The developed complex makes it possible to significantly simplify the work of the expert in conducting forensic studies of objects marked with security holograms

Technique of Substantiating Requirements for the Vision Systems of Industrial Robotic Complexes

In references, there is a lack of approaches to describe the justified technical requirements for the vision systems (VS) of industrial robotics complexes (IRC). Therefore, an objective of the work is to develop a technique that allows substantiating requirements for the main quality indicators of VS, functioning as a part of the IRC.The proposed technique uses a model representation of VS, which, as a part of the IRC information system, sorts the objects in the work area, as well as measures their linear and angular coordinates. To solve the problem of statement there is a proposal to define the target function of a designed IRC as a dependence of the IRC indicator efficiency on the VS quality indicators. The paper proposes to use, as an indicator of the IRC efficiency, the probability of a lack of fault products when manufacturing. Based on the functions the VS perform as a part of the IRC information system, the accepted indicators of VS quality are as follows: a probability of the proper recognition of objects in the working IRC area, and confidential probabilities of measuring linear and angular orientation coordinates of objects with the specified values of permissible error. Specific values of these errors depend on the orientation errors of working bodies of manipulators that are a part of the IRC. The paper presents mathematical expressions that determine the functional dependence of the probability of a lack of fault products when manufacturing on the VS quality indicators and the probability of failures of IRC technological equipment.The offered technique for substantiating engineering requirements for the VS of IRC has novelty. The results obtained in this work can be useful for professionals involved in IRC VS development, and, in particular, in development of VS algorithms and software.</p

Selecting an informative features vocabulary for recognition algorithms based on Fourier-descriptors

Working vocabulary of features include most informative features of objects to be recognized. The aim is to develop a method of forming a working vocabulary of features for recognition algorithms based on Fourier-descriptors of the object image contours.To solve this problem the paper offers to use the method of functional maximization that is the ratio of the distance between the classes to the spread of objects within each of the classes represented in the feature space, which is formed on the basis of Fourier-descriptors.To check the effectiveness of the proposed method to form a working vocabulary of features the numerical experiments have been carried out. The experiments used two databases of reference images consisting of 10 and 13 reference images. Test images obtained by rotating the reference images, by zooming, as well as by adding the noise using the normal law of distribution have been created from these images. The proposed by the author algorithm, which uses the Prewitt operator, threshold segmentation, and morphological processing has marked the contours of images. The original vocabulary of features derived from the Fourier-descriptors has dimension of 98. The vocabularies of working features having the dimensions, respectively, 3 and 4 have been formed on the basis of functional maximization for both reference images. In the course of numerical experiments the frequency of correct decisions to recognise the features of reference bases of images for the original and working vocabularies has been evaluated. It has been proved that the algorithm of recognition with the formed working vocabularies of features provides a great efficiency of automatic recognition of objects.There are known publications, which use a similar method to form a working vocabulary of features in algorithms of human recognition by the image. But there are no publications on choosing the vocabulary of features for recognition algorithms based on the analysis of the image contours that can be used in computer vision systems of automated production lines.</p

Computer-Generated Holograms Application in Security Printing

In the present article the application of computer-generated holograms in security printing was considered. The main subject was creation of informative memory marks based on CGH for automatic read out of the information embedded in this marks that can be used for identification, copyrighting, or other types of authentication control of security elements. The fundamental theoretical basics of computer-generated holograms and its applications were given. The proposed technical solutions, such as “Printed hologram”, “Smart verification”, and “Holomemory”, were considered in detail. The announced solutions were presented in the schemes of interaction between manufacturers of security printing and its potential consumers—citizens and regulatory government agencies

Computer-Generated Holograms Application in Security Printing

In the present article the application of computer-generated holograms in security printing was considered. The main subject was creation of informative memory marks based on CGH for automatic read out of the information embedded in this marks that can be used for identification, copyrighting, or other types of authentication control of security elements. The fundamental theoretical basics of computer-generated holograms and its applications were given. The proposed technical solutions, such as &ldquo;Printed hologram&rdquo;, &ldquo;Smart verification&rdquo;, and &ldquo;Holomemory&rdquo;, were considered in detail. The announced solutions were presented in the schemes of interaction between manufacturers of security printing and its potential consumers&mdash;citizens and regulatory government agencies

Investigation of the method of forming multicolored images reconstructed from protective holograms

В работе исследуются различные методы расчета параметров пикселей, содержащихся в цветных радужных голограммах. Рассматриваются голограммы, изготовленные по технологии Dot-Matrix, содержащие дифракционные решетки с различными периодами и ориентациями. Исходные данные для расчета получаются из входного изображения, которое содержится в графическом файле. Проводится анализ методов исходя из степени соответствия получаемого цвета от голограммы цвету входного изображения. В работе исследовались два метода расчета параметров голографического пикселя: первый с использованием цветовой диаграммы Международной Комиссии по освещенности (МКО) и второй метод с использованием колориметрической системы RGB. In the paper, methods for calculating the parameters of diffraction gratings produced using Dot-Matrix technology are studied with different periods and orientations. The analysis of the methods was based on the correspondence of the received hologram color to the color of the input image. The first method is based on the formation of the intensity of diffracted light from various color components (diffraction gratings), in which the number of raster points changes. The second on the formation of different intensity at different points of the final color image. In the course of the work, experimental studies were carried out, confirming theoretically obtained data.In the paper, methods for calculating the parameters of diffraction gratings produced using Dot-Matrix technology are studied with different periods and orientations. The analysis of the methods was based on the correspondence of the received hologram color to the color of the input image. The first method is based on the formation of the intensity of diffracted light from various color components (diffraction gratings), in which the number of raster points changes. The second on the formation of different intensity at different points of the final color image. In the course of the work, experimental studies were carried out, confirming theoretically obtained data

A Tribute to Sergey Odinokov

“My main goal was to point out new phenomena and spread the ideas, which will become the starting points for new research” [...