15 research outputs found
Gljive i Helicobacter pylori infekcija
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the stomach almost half the world's population. Infection of the stomach with this bacteria leads to chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Further, long infection with H. pylori can cause the development of gastric cancer disease. Therefore, the eradication of H. pylori is very important, but it is difficult because the resistance to the antibiotic regimes, especially metronidazole and clarithromycin increases. Therefore, the compounds with antimicrobial activity but not antibiotics are very important in the treatment of H. pylori infections, especially if they have an effect on H. pylori strains resistant to antibiotics. Plants and fungi are a very important source of compounds with antimicrobial activity. Previous studies have shown that fungi such as Pseudonocardia sp. CL38489, Phanerochaete velutina CL6387, Hericium erinaceus, Fomes fomentarius and Antrodia camphorata can be an important source of compounds with activity against H. pylori. Different groups of chemical compounds may be responsible for manifested antibacterial activity, including phenols and beta-glucans. In addition to antibacterial activity, an important mechanism of action against the bacterium H. pylori is the inhibition of the adhesion of bacteria to the gastric epithelium.Helicobacter pylori je Gram negativna bakterija koja kolonizira želudac skoro polovine svetske populacije. Infekcija želuca ovom bakterijom dovodi do hroniÄnog gastritisa i peptiÄkog ulkusa. Duga infekcija bakterijom H. pylori može da dovede do razvoja gastriÄnog kancera. Zbog toga je eradikacija H. pylori veoma važna, ali je otežana jer se rezistencija na antibiotoke, posebno metronidazol i klaritromicin, poveÄava. Zbog toga su jedinjenja sa antimikrobnim delovanjem koja nisu antibiotici veoma važna u tretmanu H. pylori infekcije, naroÄito ukoliko deluju na H. pylori sojeve koji su rezistentni na antibiotike. Biljke i gljive predstavljaju veoma važne izvore jedinjenja sa antimikrobnim delovanjem. DosadaÅ”nja istraživanja gljiva, pokazala su da gljive Pseudonocardia sp. CL38489, Phanerochaete velutina CL6387, Hericium erinaceus, Fomes fomentarius i Antrodia camphorata mogu biti znaÄajan izvor jedinjenja sa aktivnoÅ”Äu protiv bakterije H. pylori. RazliÄite grupe hemijskih jedinjenja mogu biti odgovorne za ispoljenu antibakterijsku aktivnost, ukljuÄujuÄi fenole i beta-glukane. Pored antibakterijske aktivnosti, znaÄajan mehanizam delovanja sastojaka peÄuraka protiv bakterije H. pylori je i inhibicija adhezije bakterije za gastriÄni epitel
Antimicrobial activity of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.): And basil (Ocimum basilicum L.): Extracts
Komercijalni uzorci nadzemnih delova Origanum vulgare L. i Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) su koriÅ”Äeni za odreÄivanje antimikrobne aktivnosti. Aktivnost ekstrakata razliÄite polarnosti je testirana protiv izabranih mikroorganizama, ukljuÄujuÄi laboratorijski soj Helicobacter pilori NCTC 12868. Testirani ekstrakti su imali umerenu aktivnost. Ekstrakti O. vulgare su bili aktivniji protiv bakterija, posebno Gram pozitivnih bakterija sa minimalnim inhibitornim koncentracijama (MIK) izmeÄu 62,5 i 125 Ī¼g/mL, od ekstrakata O. basilicum koji su pokazali aktivnost protiv Candida albicans (MIK 125 Ī¼g/mL). Cikloheksanski ekstrakt O. vulgare nije pokazao antimikrobnu aktivnost na testirani H. pylori, dok su ostali testirani ekstrakti bili aktivni sa MIK vrednostima izmeÄu 250 Ī¼g/mL i 500 Ī¼g/mL. Identifikovana i kvantifikovana ruzmarinska kiselina i druga polarna jedinjenja mogu predstavljati aktivna jedinjenja sa antibakterijskom aktivnoÅ”Äu u ovim zaÄinima.The commercial samples of aerial parts of Origanum vulgare L. and Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) were tested for antimicrobial activity. The activity of the extracts with different polarity was tested against a panel of microorganisms, including laboratory strain Helicobacter pylori NCTC 12868. The tested extracts showed a moderate activity. The extracts of O. vulgare were more active against bacteria, especially against Gram positive bacteria with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) between 62.5 and 125 Ī¼g/mL, than the extracts of O. basilicum which were active against Candida albicans (MIC 125 Ī¼g/mL). Cyclohexane extract of O. vulgare did not show any activity against tested H. pylori, while all other tested extracts were active with MICs between 250 Ī¼g/mL and 500 Ī¼g/mL. Identified and quantified rosmarinic acid and other polar compounds could be active antibacterial compounds in these spices
Usporedba rezultata samoprocjene glasa uÄitelja i odgojitelja
Vokalni profesionalci su osobe kojima je glas osnovno sredstvo za obavljanje posla, u pravilu, i glavni
izvor prihoda za život. Odgojitelji i uÄitelji pripadaju skupini vokalnih profesionalaca. Izloženost veÄim
glasovnim naporima Äini ove dvije skupine posebno podložnim glasovnim poremeÄajima. Cilj rada je
ispitati i usporediti rezultate samoprocjene glasa u skupinama uÄitelja i odgojitelja Voice Handicap
Indexom (VHI), upitnikom za samoprocjenu glasa. U radu je primijenjena prevedena hrvatska inaÄica
VHI upitnika. Ljestvica daje konaÄni nestandardizirani rezultat koji predstavlja stupanj subjektivnog
doživljaja problema, a javljaju se kao posljedica poremeÄaja glasa. Uzorak Äine dvije skupine ispitanika:
uÄitelji (N=40) i odgojitelji (N=40). Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je skupina odgojitelja postigla
statistiÄki znaÄajno viÅ”e rezultate na svim podljestvicama, kao i na ukupnom rezultatu VHI upitnika.
Rezultati istraživanja upuÄuju na to da odgojitelji imaju viÅ”e subjektivnih teÅ”koÄa, povezanih s moguÄim
poremeÄajima glasa u odnosu na skupinu uÄitelja
Upotreba antibakterijskih lekova u leÄenju infekcija urinarnog trakta - farmakoekonomski aspect
Urinary tract infections are inflammations processes on lower or upper parts of urinary tract. Therapy of urinary tract infections differs for complicated and non-complicated infections and site of infection. The aim of this paper is pharmacoeconomic analysis of different strategies in management of urinary tract infections from the perspective of Republic Fond for Health Insurance. The decision tree was constructed to evaluate costs and effectiveness of different strategies used for treatment of non-pregnant, adult women. As a positive outcome of the treatment number of cases where simptoms disapered is used. The results implied that the least costly strategy available is empiric treatment. More expensive but with greater outcomes was the strategy involving laboratory test together with empiric treatment. Although the empiric treatment proved to be cost-effective and in accordance with current recommendations and guidelines for therapy, recognition of the impact of this strategy upon antibiotic resistance may lead to conclusion that the dipstick strategy is superior strategy.Infekcije urinarnog trakta zahvataju donje i gornje delove urinarnog trakta. Terapija infekcija se razlikuje u zavisnosti da li su u pitanju komplikovane ili nekomplikovane infekcije kao i od mesta infekcije. Cilj ovog rada je farmakoekonomska analiza isplativosti primene razliÄitih strategija u leÄenju infekcija urinarnog trakta iz perspektive RepubliÄkog fonda za zdravstveno osiguranje. Zarad procene troÅ”kova i efikasnosti primene razliÄitih strategija u leÄenju infekcija urinarnog trakta u odraslih žena koje nisu trudne konstruisano je drvo odluÄivanja. Kao ishod leÄenja posmatran je broj sluÄajeva u kojima je doÅ”lo do prestanka simptoma. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je najisplativija strategija empirijska primena antibiotika. NeÅ”to skuplja i efikasnija strategija je primena laboratorijskih testova uz empirijsku primenu antibiotika. Iako je empirijska primena antibiotika troÅ”kovno isplativa i u skladu sa važeÄim preporukama i protokolima leÄenja infekcije urinarnog trakta, ukoliko se razmotri i antibiotska rezistencija kao rastuÄi zdravstveni problem, strategija primene dipstik testa može biti superiorna
Antimikrobna aktivnost ekstrakata origana (Origanum vulgare L.) i bosiljka (Ocimum basilicum L.)
The commercial samples of aerial parts of Origanum vulgare L. and Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) were tested for antimicrobial activity. The activity of the extracts with different polarity was tested against a panel of microorganisms, including laboratory strain Helicobacter pylori NCTC 12868. The tested extracts showed a moderate activity. The extracts of O. vulgare were more active against bacteria, especially against Gram positive bacteria with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) between 62.5 and 125 Ī¼g/mL, than the extracts of O. basilicum which were active against Candida albicans (MIC 125 Ī¼g/mL). Cyclohexane extract of O. vulgare did not show any activity against tested H. pylori, while all other tested extracts were active with MICs between 250 Ī¼g/mL and 500 Ī¼g/mL. Identified and quantified rosmarinic acid and other polar compounds could be active antibacterial compounds in these spices.Komercijalni uzorci nadzemnih delova Origanum vulgare L. i Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) su koriÅ”Äeni za odreÄivanje antimikrobne aktivnosti. Aktivnost ekstrakata razliÄite polarnosti je testirana protiv izabranih mikroorganizama, ukljuÄujuÄi laboratorijski soj Helicobacter pilori NCTC 12868. Testirani ekstrakti su imali umerenu aktivnost. Ekstrakti O. vulgare su bili aktivniji protiv bakterija, posebno Gram pozitivnih bakterija sa minimalnim inhibitornim koncentracijama (MIK) izmeÄu 62,5 i 125 Ī¼g/mL, od ekstrakata O. basilicum koji su pokazali aktivnost protiv Candida albicans (MIK 125 Ī¼g/mL). Cikloheksanski ekstrakt O. vulgare nije pokazao antimikrobnu aktivnost na testirani H. pylori, dok su ostali testirani ekstrakti bili aktivni sa MIK vrednostima izmeÄu 250 Ī¼g/mL i 500 Ī¼g/mL. Identifikovana i kvantifikovana ruzmarinska kiselina i druga polarna jedinjenja mogu predstavljati aktivna jedinjenja sa antibakterijskom aktivnoÅ”Äu u ovim zaÄinima
Sastav mikro i makroelemenata i nutritivna vrednost u tri jestive peÄurke iz Srbije
Nutrition value, as well as macro- and microconstituents of three edible mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes, Macrolepiota procera) collected in Serbia were tested. It has been determined that all three mushroom samples were low in energy, fat and carbohydrates, but rich in Ī²-glucans content. The most abundant elements in these three mushrooms were essential marcroelements Ca, K and P, but also there is a significant amount of Li, Se and Zn. On the other hand, toxic elements, such as Pb, As and Cd were also detected in level higher than allowed.Nutritivna vrednost, kao i sadržaj makro- i mikroelemenata testirana je u uzorcima tri jestive peÄurke, sakupljene u Srbiji (Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes, Macrolepiota procera). Pokazano je da su sve tri gljive bile siromaÅ”ne energijom, mastima i ugljenimhidratima, ali bogate Ī²-glukanima. Najzastupljeniji elementi u sva tri uzorka bili su esencijalni makroelementi Ca, K i P, ali je takoÄe je detektovana znaÄajna koliÄina Li, Se i Zn. Sa druge strane, koncentracija toksiÄnih metala, Pb, As i Cd, bila je iznad dozvoljenih granica
GUIDELINES FOR EARLY DETECTION, DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPY OF NEUROGENIC OROPHARYNGEAL DYSPHAGIA
Smjernice za rano prepoznavanje, dijagnostiku i terapiju neurogene orofaringealne disfagije nastale su suradnjom kliniÄara razliÄitih disciplina koji se bave brojnim aspektima skrbi o bolesnicima s neurogenom orofaringealnom disfagijom (NOD). U izradi smjernica sudjelovali su predstavnici Hrvatskog druÅ”tva za kliniÄku prehranu Hrvatskoga lijeÄniÄkog zbora (HLZ-a), Hrvatskoga neuroloÅ”kog druÅ”tva HLZ-a, Hrvatskoga gastroenteroloÅ”kog druÅ”tva i Hrvatskog druÅ”tva nutricionista i dijetetiÄara. Smjernice imaju cilj poveÄati svijest o NOD-u koji se javlja kod akutnih i kroniÄnih neuroloÅ”kih bolesti, posebice kod moždanog udara, ekstrapiramidnih bolesti, neuromuskularnih i demijelinizacijskih bolesti te demencija. Nadalje, smjernice donose detaljan opis dijagnostike disfagije te preporuÄuju osnivanje multidisciplinarnog tima za disfagiju u kojem sudjeluju neurolozi, internisti, logopedi, dijetetiÄari, farmaceuti i medicinske sestre s posebnim kompetencijama na podruÄju NOD-a. Educirani Älan tima provodi dijagnostiku i rehabilitaciju u skladu s provjerenim alatima, klasifikacijama i kategorizacijama prikazanim u ovim smjernicama kako bi se omoguÄilo sustavno i izjednaÄeno postupanje. Smjernice donose i detaljne algoritme uvoÄenja nutritivne potpore ā od primjene hrane promijenjene teksture, pravilne hidracije do artificijalne prehrane (enteralne i parenteralne).Guidelines for the early detection, diagnostics and therapy of neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia have been made as a result of collaboration of clinicians of different backgrounds who are dealing with patients with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia (NOD). These guidelines have been written by the representatives of the Croatian Society of Clinical Nutrition, Croatian Medical Association, Croatian Neurological Society, Croatian Medical Association, Croatian Society of Gastroenterology and Croatian Society of Nutritionists and Dietitians. The aim of these guidelines is to raise the awareness about NOD that is encountered in acute and chronic neurological diseases, especially in patients with stroke, extrapyramidal diseases, neuromuscular and demyelinisation diseases and dementia. We provide a detailed description of diagnostics of dysphagia, and we recommend the establishment of a multidisciplinary team for dysphagia involving neurologists, internists, speech therapists, dietitians, pharmacists and nurses with special competences for the management of NOD. An educated team member conducts diagnostics and rehabilitation in accordance with the validated tools, classifications and categorizations shown in these guidelines to allow a systematic and consistent treatment. The guidelines also provide detailed algorithms for introducing nutritional support ā from the application of modified texture foods, proper hydration to artificial nutrition (enteral and parenteral nutrition)
GUIDELINES FOR EARLY DETECTION, DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPY OF NEUROGENIC OROPHARYNGEAL DYSPHAGIA
Smjernice za rano prepoznavanje, dijagnostiku i terapiju neurogene orofaringealne disfagije nastale su suradnjom kliniÄara razliÄitih disciplina koji se bave brojnim aspektima skrbi o bolesnicima s neurogenom orofaringealnom disfagijom (NOD). U izradi smjernica sudjelovali su predstavnici Hrvatskog druÅ”tva za kliniÄku prehranu Hrvatskoga lijeÄniÄkog zbora (HLZ-a), Hrvatskoga neuroloÅ”kog druÅ”tva HLZ-a, Hrvatskoga gastroenteroloÅ”kog druÅ”tva i Hrvatskog druÅ”tva nutricionista i dijetetiÄara. Smjernice imaju cilj poveÄati svijest o NOD-u koji se javlja kod akutnih i kroniÄnih neuroloÅ”kih bolesti, posebice kod moždanog udara, ekstrapiramidnih bolesti, neuromuskularnih i demijelinizacijskih bolesti te demencija. Nadalje, smjernice donose detaljan opis dijagnostike disfagije te preporuÄuju osnivanje multidisciplinarnog tima za disfagiju u kojem sudjeluju neurolozi, internisti, logopedi, dijetetiÄari, farmaceuti i medicinske sestre s posebnim kompetencijama na podruÄju NOD-a. Educirani Älan tima provodi dijagnostiku i rehabilitaciju u skladu s provjerenim alatima, klasifikacijama i kategorizacijama prikazanim u ovim smjernicama kako bi se omoguÄilo sustavno i izjednaÄeno postupanje. Smjernice donose i detaljne algoritme uvoÄenja nutritivne potpore ā od primjene hrane promijenjene teksture, pravilne hidracije do artificijalne prehrane (enteralne i parenteralne).Guidelines for the early detection, diagnostics and therapy of neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia have been made as a result of collaboration of clinicians of different backgrounds who are dealing with patients with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia (NOD). These guidelines have been written by the representatives of the Croatian Society of Clinical Nutrition, Croatian Medical Association, Croatian Neurological Society, Croatian Medical Association, Croatian Society of Gastroenterology and Croatian Society of Nutritionists and Dietitians. The aim of these guidelines is to raise the awareness about NOD that is encountered in acute and chronic neurological diseases, especially in patients with stroke, extrapyramidal diseases, neuromuscular and demyelinisation diseases and dementia. We provide a detailed description of diagnostics of dysphagia, and we recommend the establishment of a multidisciplinary team for dysphagia involving neurologists, internists, speech therapists, dietitians, pharmacists and nurses with special competences for the management of NOD. An educated team member conducts diagnostics and rehabilitation in accordance with the validated tools, classifications and categorizations shown in these guidelines to allow a systematic and consistent treatment. The guidelines also provide detailed algorithms for introducing nutritional support ā from the application of modified texture foods, proper hydration to artificial nutrition (enteral and parenteral nutrition)
Smjernice za rano prepoznavanje, dijagnostiku i terapiju neurogene orofaringealne disfagije [Guidelines for early detection, diagnostics and therapy of neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia]
Guidelines for the early detection, diagnostics and therapy of neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia have been made as a result of collaboration of clinicians of different backgrounds who are dealing with patients with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia (NOD). These guidelines have been written by the representatives of the Croatian Society of Clinical Nutrition, Croatian Medical Association, Croatian Neurological Society, Croatian Medical Association, Croatian Society of Gastroenterology and Croatian Society of Nutritionists and Dietitians. The aim of these guidelines is to raise the awareness about NOD that is encountered in acute and chronic neurological diseases, especially in patients with stroke, extrapyramidal diseases, neuromuscular and demyelinisation diseases and dementia. We provide a detailed description of diagnostics of dysphagia, and we recommend the establishment of a multidisciplinary team for dysphagia involving neurologists, internists, speech therapists, dietitians, pharmacists and nurses with special competences for the management of NOD. An educated team member conducts diagnostics and rehabilitation in accordance with the validated tools, classifications and categorizations shown in these guidelines to allow a systematic and consistent treatment. The guidelines also provide detailed algorithms for introducing nutritional support ā from the application of modified texture foods, proper hydration to artificial nutrition (enteral and parenteral nutrition)
Therapeutic Properties of Mushrooms in Managing Adverse Effects in the Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a modern medical condition characterized by central obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. The beneficial effects of mushrooms in lowering the symptoms of MS were known from both traditional and conventional medicine. Edible mushrooms, their extracts, polysaccharide fractions and isolated compounds possessed hypoglycaemic, cholesterol and triglyceride lowering ability, hypotensive effects, as well as weight managing activity by influencing satiety. The most active compounds are polysaccharides, called - glucans, as well as lectines and small compounds such as eritadenin, triterpenes, sterols and phenolic compounds