Functional Materials for Construction Application Based on Classical and Nano Composites: Production and Properties

At the present stage of polymeric material science, the physical and chemical modification of the surface of reinforcing fibers and liquid polymer binder is the basic direction in the development of functional polymeric composite materials (PCMs) for structural purposes. In this chapter, various aspects of the physical and chemical modification of the components of reactoplastic materials of structural design on the basis of classical and nano-modified (NM) PCMs are analyzed. The choice of the most effective types of carbon nanofillers for creating functional PCMs is exemplified by the example of carbon plastics. The main emphasis is made on ultrasonic processing as the dominant method of physical modification when obtaining PCMs. It is shown that such a physical modification is aimed at the intensification of many technological operations for the production of such materials, as well as at improving the physico-mechanical and operational characteristics of the resulting products and structures on their basis. The questions of designing the technological process for the production of functional classical and NM PCMs are briefly analyzed. The aspects of creation of NM carbonocomposites in which a continuous carbon fiber is combined with a binder in the volume of which the ultradisperse carbon nanoparticles are evenly distributed are considered. The prospects of production of functional hybrid PCMs based on reinforcing fabric with NM filler are shown. Features of obtaining functional NM carbono-composites with improved physico-mechanical and operational properties, in particular, with increased strength, electrical conductivity and crack resistance are described

Creation of Structural Polymer Composite Materials for Functional Application Using Physicochemical Modification

The various aspects of physico-chemical modification of the components of structural materials of functional application based on classical composites and nanocomposites are analyzed. Potential applications of such materials are briefly described. Ultrasonic cavitation treatment is considered as a basic method of physical modification when obtaining the indicated classes of composites. The influence of ultrasonic treatment modes on the technological and operational properties of reactoplastic polymers, as well as on the hardening of reinforced composites based on them, is investigated. Technical means of ultrasonic cavitation processing of liquid binders and polymer composites based on them are briefly described. An effective spectrum of interrelated structural and technological parameters of ultrasonic treatment has been characterized, which is established by calculation and experimentally-statistically. The design issues of the technological processes of obtaining polymer composites of functional application are analyzed. The efficiency of creating carbon fiber composite materials, as well as the prospects for creating of these materials based on reinforcing fabric with nanomodified fillers is described. The methods of obtaining functional nanomodified carbon-composites with improved physicomechanical and operational properties, in particular with increased strength and electrical conductivity, are characterized. The effectiveness of the ultrasonic treatment and production of nanomodified thermoplastic composite materials by extrusion method is considered. Some issues of forming products from intelligent polymer composites are analyzed. The results of the survey can be used in the design of advanced technologies for the creation of functional polymer composites of functional application

Use of Physicochemical Modification Methods for Producing Traditional and Nanomodified Polymeric Composites with Improved Operational Properties

Various aspects of the methods of physical and physicochemical modification of components of filled thermo-plastic composite materials are analyzed, aimed at improving the surface properties of the fillers and the technological properties of the polymer matrix during their interaction. It is noted that the improvement of the interfacial interaction of the components of polymer reactoplastic composites, including adhesive strength, is a key factor for improving the reliability of the cured filled composite. As a promising area of research, a modification of the surface of the reinforcing fibrous filler and the technological characteristics of the liquid polymer binder, aimed at increasing their contact properties in the composite was chosen. The effectiveness of the physical method of modifying the components of composites in the form of low-frequency ultrasonic processing is described. The peculiarities of cluster formation and physicochemical modification of epoxy polymers filled with dispersed fillers are analyzed. Attention is focused on the effectiveness of ultrasonic processing in cavitation mode for deagglomeration and uniform distribution of nanoparticles in a liquid medium during the creation of nanocomposites. Experimentally confirmed the improvement of the technological properties of liquid epoxy polymers, modified by ultrasound, used for the impregnation of oriented fibrous fillers, as well as the improvement of the physicomechanical properties of the sonicated epoxy matrices