76 research outputs found
Cemeteries and urban form: a historico-geographcial approach
Research in urban morphology rarely takes account of the specific forms of burial grounds. This paper offers a synthesis of how Christian cities of the dead mirror the cities of the living, and provides an overview of different Western European 'funeral epochs'. The shifting location of burial grounds realtes to major changes in town planning and building. Adopting a historico-geographical approach, micro-morphological transformatins of grave-plot forms and their cardinal orientations and accessibility are explored in the context of changing religious beliefs, rules of hygiene, and practical and aesthetic consideration. The role of cemeteries in fringe-belt development is presented, using Vienna as a historical case study
Forever small?: A longue durĂ©e perspective on Luxembourgâs extantism, governance, and security
peer reviewedLuxembourg is a prototypical small state and the only remaining example of over a two dozen of grand duchies in history. In this chapter the focus is laid on persistency and change of governance in security affairs, that is, the question of how a Luxembourg political entity overcame a variety of challenges of the (European) security environment until 1940. Indeed, to comprehend the âsurvivalâ of the Grand Duchy in face of the vicissitudes of the military-political setting since the princedomâs creation by the Treaty of Vienna (1815), one needs to deploy the full array of the Small-State theory debate in security policy and in the politics of international relations: bandwagoning, balancing, freeriding, hedging, shelter-seeking. Based on this longue durĂ©e approach, the contribution expands on âextantismâ to reintroduce this concept to Small-State Studies
BiedermÀnner - und keine Brandstifter
Les frontiÚres de l'indépendance. Le Luxembourg entre 1815 et 1839 - Die Grenzen der UnabhÀngigkeit. Luxemburg zwischen 1815 und 1839 (Sonderausstellung
Practices of expulsion and moral discourse in Luxembourg. Prostitution as a threat to public order and safety according to the records of the grand-ducal administrative bodies (1880-1940)
Disciplinary and regulatory governmental proceedings intersect, for instance when disciplinary rules and judiciary norms operate on the basis of suspicion and there-fore just happen to disenfranchise certain groups of people. The case study of Luxembourgâs practice of expulsion before the Second World War offers insights into the administration of âundesirable foreignersâ which was based on identifying women who supposedly infringed bourgeois moral gender order. Women from abroad of dubious reputation could become a double threat to bourgeois norms and values. Based on extensive research on archival funds, this article seeks to shed light on the intersecting quality of gendering foreigners and ethnicizing prostitutes in a self-reinforcing bureaucratic procedure leading to deportation
Addressing seeming paradoxes by embracing them: small state theory and the integration of migrants
This article examines the integration of migrants in Luxembourg within the framework of small state theory. Within the comparative scholarship on migration, small states are often presented as âsuccess stories.â This research questions this assumption and empirical data presented here indicates that many contradictions exist within Luxembourgâs migrant integration model. The countryâs âsuccessâ in fact does not reflect the levels of integration of migrants nationally as significant inequalities are present in Luxembourg. However, the analysis of Luxembourg presented here illustrates how small states have coherently embraced many paradoxes that are inherent to integration strategies throughout Europe with the goal of promoting peaceful coexistence
Co-Creating Ritual Spaces and Communities:An Analysis of Municipal Cemetery Tongerseweg, Maastricht, 1812-2020
Contains fulltext :
227833.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)21 p
Phnom Penh: planned and un-planned
City planning and land use in Phnom Penh: looking back from "now" to "then". Space is a social product and the production of city space in particular is a cooperative act, combining town planning from "above" and individual land use from "below". Therefore, any dichotomy of "planned" versus "un-planned" is a false one. Looking back from Phnom Penh's "now" (after the fall of the Khmer Rouge-regime" to "then" (colonial times), this lecture will highlight the on-going production of spatial relations between "planning from above" and "from below" as grass-rooted urban planning
Monetary policy without its own currency? Luxembourg in the penumbra of the Latin Monetary Union (1865â1914/1926) and the German Customs Union (1842â1919)
peer reviewedLocated between two large economic and currency blocs, the small state of Luxembourg managed to take an intermediate position in monetary policy issues during the major reorganization of the continental European currency areas in the second half of the 19th century.
In an independent way, the Grand Duchy followed currency convergence and harmonization measures instigated both by the German side and by the Latin Monetary Union led by France. By issuing coins without precious metal value, the country generated a source of state income. One could speak of an early sovereignty niche in this context. However, Luxembourgâs coinage strategy mainly aimed at providing an adequate circulation of small change for its economy and administration.
Keywords: Luxembourg, 19th century, monetary policy, small money, small state, seigniorage
JEL Codes: N13, E42, E5
Funerary Culture and Modernisation in the State of Luxembourg (1800-2000)
This article discusses funerary politics in relationship to the political culture of the small state of Luxembourg in northwest Europe during the age of modernisation. During the long 19th century, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg experienced several political changes which affected sepulchral culture, but this did not lead to a â Kulturkampâ over cemeteries between the Chuch and the States as it occurred in neighbour countries. Disputes were resolved at the local level. We apply small power theory to explain the relatively harmonious co-existence of State power with the Catholic clergy, and to highlight the important role of local government. For the top-down introduction of cremation, we need to change scale and focus on an urban elite setting the national agenda. Luxembourg was one of the last member states of the European Union to place burial and cremation on an equal legal footing and its own â nationalâ crematorium only opened in the 1990s.Culture funĂ©raire et modernisation au Luxembourg (1800-2000).
Cet article porte sur les politiques funĂ©raires et la culture politique dâun petit Ătat dans le nord-ouest de lâEurope durant lâĂąge de la modernisation. Au long du XIXe siĂšcle, le Grand-DuchĂ© de Luxembourg fit lâexpĂ©rience de plusieurs changements politiques qui conditionnĂšrent les habitudes funĂ©raires, mais le pays ne connut pas de âKulturkampfâ entre lâĂglise et lâĂtat, autour des cimetiĂšres, comme dans les pays voisins. Les conflits furent rĂ©solus au niveau local. Nous utilisons les thĂ©ories sur les petits Ătats pour expliquer la coexistence relativement harmonieuse entre le pouvoir de lâĂtat et le clergĂ© catholique, ainsi que le rĂŽle important du gouvernement local. Lâanalyse de lâintroduction de la crĂ©mation au Grand-DuchĂ© nĂ©cessite un changement dâĂ©chelle : le focus doit ĂȘtre mis sur une Ă©lite urbaine qui dĂ©terminait la politique nationale. Le Grand-DuchĂ© de Luxembourg fut lâun des derniers pays de lâUnion EuropĂ©enne Ă lĂ©galiser la crĂ©mation et le premier crĂ©matorium luxembourgeois ne fut ouvert que dans les annĂ©es 1990.Funeraire cultuur en modernisering in Luxemburg (1800-2000).
Dit artikel onderzoekt het beleid inzake funeraire cultuur in relatie tot de politieke cultuur van de kleine staat Luxemburg in Noordwest-Europa tijdens de 19e en 20e eeuw. Tijdens de lange 19e eeuw onderging het Groothertogdom Luxemburg verschillende politieke veranderingen die een impact hadden op de begrafeniscultuur, maar het land kende geen cultuurstrijd tussen Staat en Kerk rond het beheer van begraafplaatsen zoals in de buurlanden. Conflicten werden op het lokale niveau opgelost. We maken gebruik van theorieĂ«n uit internationaal onderzoek naar kleine natiestaten om de harmonieuze verhouding tussen Staat en Kerk in Luxemburg te verklaren, en de belangrijke rol van lokale overheden te belichten. Voor de analyse van de introductie van crematie in Luxemburg, dienen we onze observatieschaal te verschuiven naar het nationale niveau met een urbane elite die het beleid uitstippelde. Luxemburg was Ă©Ă©n van de laatste landen van de Europese Unie waar crematie wettelijk werd geregeld en pas in de jaren 1990 opende het eerste Luxemburgse crematorium de deuren.Kolnberger Thomas. Funerary Culture and Modernisation in the State of Luxembourg (1800-2000). In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 95, fasc. 4, 2017. Histoire MĂ©diĂ©vale, Moderne et Contemporaine â Middleleeuwse, Moderne en Hedendaagse Geschiedenis. pp. 849-873
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