What is the climate system able to do ‘on its own’?

The climate of the Earth, like planetary climates in general, is broadly controlled by solar irradiation, planetary albedo and emissivity as well as its rotation rate and distribution of land (with its orography) and oceans. However, the majority of climate fluctuations that affect mankind are internal modes of the general circulation of the atmosphere and the oceans. Some of these modes, such as El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), are quasi-regular and have some longer-term predictive skill; others like the Arctic and Antarctic Oscillation are chaotic and generally unpredictable beyond a few weeks. Studies using general circulation models indicate that internal processes dominate the regional climate and that some like ENSO events have even distinct global signatures. This is one of the reasons why it is so difficult to separate internal climate processes from external ones caused, for example, by changes in greenhouse gases and solar irradiation. However, the accumulation of the warmest seasons during the latest two decades is lending strong support to the forcing of the greenhouse gases. As models are getting more comprehensive, they show a gradually broader range of internal processes including those on longer time scales, challenging the interpretation of the causes of past and present climate events further

Identification of influence of part tolerances of 1PWR-SE pump on its total efficiency taking into consideration multi-valued logic trees

This paper presents a methodology for identifying the influence of the tolerances used in model pump (TYPE 1PWR – SE) construction on the total efficiency. The identification of the sensitive control dimensions (Value/Tolerance) of examined pumps has been made by means of multi-valued logic and inductive decision trees. The innovation of the prototype unit is based on oblique gears with involute teeth, modified in the lower and upper part of the profile. The modification in the lower part was made using the so-called tooth root undercutting technique. Through the use of multivalent logic trees, the designated rank of importance of both structural and operational parameters is identified, taking into account the effect of tolerances on construction. The area is increased by cutting the oblique teeth

Adhaesion in Aluminiumklebungen des Flugzeugbaus

Ausgehend vom Stand der Technik bezueglich der derzeit im Flugzeugbau verwendeten metallischen Werkstoffe und Klebverfahren wurden die grundlegenden Eigenschaften struktureller Aluminiumklebungen insbesondere im Grenzschichtbereich unter Verwendung neuzeitlicher naturwissenschaftlicher Untersuchungsmethoden erforscht und dokumentiert. Durch Aufklaerung der einflussnehmenden Faktoren auf die wesentlichen Zerstoerungsmechanismen konnten konkrete Beurteilungsgrundlagen geschaffen und Verbesserungsvorschlaege gemacht werden. Darueber hinaus konnten Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden, die in zukuenftige Optimierungsarbeiten gezielt einzubringen sind. Nicht zuletzt unter dem Aspekt, dass in Zukunft die Lebensdauer von zivilen Flugzeugstrukturen noch weiter auszudehnen ist, koennte hier aufbauend auf den vorliegenden Ergebnissen ein attraktives Entwicklungspotential erschlossen werden