Singular Points of Affine ML-Surfaces

We give a geometric proof of the fact that any affine surface with trivial Makar-Limanov invariant has finitely many singular points. We deduce that a complete intersection surface with trivial Makar-Limanov invariant is normal.Comment: 11 page

Constant and switched bias low frequency noise in p-MOSFETs with varying gate oxide thickness

The low-frequency noise power spectral density of MOSFETs is decreased if the MOSFETs are periodically switched 'off' (switched bias conditions). The influence of the gate oxide thickness on fixed bias and switched biased low frequency drain current noise spectral density of PMOS devices has been experimentally investigated. Under constant bias conditions, it is observed that the current noise spectral density increases linearly with increase in the gate oxide thickness. The larger the measured low-frequency noise under constant bias, the larger is the noise reduction after periodically switching the P-MOSFETs off

Radiosensitization with Magnetic Nanoparticles

Radiation therapy, along with surgery and chemotherapy, are the major therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. It involves the delivery of ionizing radiation with high accuracy to the tumor tissue, resulting in the death of tumor cells. Radiation sensitization is a process of enhancing the susceptibility of tumor tissues to injury by radiation exposure. Hence, radiation sensitizers are therapeutic or otherwise inert agents that enhance the effects of radiation therapy. Iron oxide nanoparticles, a type of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP), are amongst the nanomaterials which have been suggested as radiation sensitizers. Hyperthermia is a type of cancer treatment in which tissue is exposed to elevated temperatures. Hyperthermia is almost always used with other forms of cancer therapy, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Hyperthermia may make some cancer cells more sensitive to radiation. When hyperthermia and radiation therapy are combined, they are often given within an hour of each other. MNP can induce localized hyperthermia when exposed to an alternating magnetic field (AMF). As MNP are potentially capable of producing two sensitization effects (x-ray interaction and hyperthermia generation) they are particularly attractive for this application

Separation of random telegraph signals from 1/f noise in MOSFETs under constant and switched bias conditions

The low-frequency noise power spectrum of small dimension MOSFETs is dominated by Lorentzians arising from random telegraph signals (RTS). The low-frequency noise is observed to decrease when the devices are periodically switched 'off'. The technique of determining the statistical lifetimes and amplitudes of the RTS by fitting the signal level histogram of the time-domain record to two-Gaussian histograms has been reported in the literature. This procedure is then used for analysing the 'noisy' RTS along with the device background noise, which turned out to be 1/f noise. The 1/f noise of the device can then be separated from the RTS using this procedure. In this work, RTS observed in MOSFETs, under both constant and switched biased conditions, have been investigated in the time domain, Further, the 1/f noise in both the constant and the switched biased conditions is investigated

Visualisation Techniques for Random Telegraph Signals in MOSFETs

In the study of LF noise in MOSFETS, it has become clear that Random Telegraph Signals (RTS) are dominant. When a MOSFET is subjected to large-signal excitation, the RTS noise is influenced. In this paper, we present different visualizations of the transient behaviour of the RT

Radiosensitization & Hyperthermia as Cancer Therapy

Kshitij Kolhatkar, Prabir Patra, and Alicia Petryk's poster on the use of radiosensitization and hyperthermia in the treatment of cancer

Modeling of RTS noise in MOSFETs under steady-state and large-signal excitation

The behavior of RTS noise in MOSFETs under large-signal excitation is experimentally studied. Our measurements show a significant transient effect, in line with earlier reports. We present a new physical model to describe this transient behavior and to predict RTS noise in MOSFETs under large-signal excitation. With only three model parameters the behavior is well described, contrary to existing models

Impact of hot-carrier degradation on the low-frequency noise in MOSFETs under steady-state and periodic large-signal excitation

This letter reports the diagnostic power of the low-frequency noise analysis (steady-state and periodic large-signal excitation) in MOSFETs subjected to hot-carrier degradation. The LF noise under periodic large-signal excitation is shown to increase more rapidly than the LF noise in steady-state. Moreover the improvement in the LF noise performance due to periodic large-signal excitation, observed for fresh devices, gradually diminishes as the devices are subjected to hot-carrier stress

Marketing innovative service solutions with inter-organizational service networks: opportunities and threats

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