Beyond the Holocaust Paradigm. Unearthing Europe’s Age of Terror

First name :: Rob Last name :: van der LaarseEmail address :: [email protected] :: University of AmsterdamMailing address :: Voorhaven 43 Edam 1135 BL The NetherlandsCo-authors :: Jan KolenPaper title :: beyond the Holocaust Paradigm. Unearthing Europe’s Age of Terror Abstract :: The devastating horrors of two World Wars have for the last six decades stimulated a unique process of European unification. After decades of a heroic remembrance of military occupation and resistance in most Western and Eastern European nations, war heritage and memory has almost completely been determined by the Holocaust paradigm. Yet, as I will argue, the assumption of the Holocaust as a common European experience, and hence as a basic part of Europe’s postwar identity raises some critical objections. Firstly, the Holocaust paradigm is currently challenged by a deep incompatibility of opinions about the impact, interpretation and meaning of the persecution of the Jews and other victims of Nazi and Communist terror, and secondly it is competed by the rise of a post-1989 Occupation paradigm in Eastern Europe. Interestingly, archaeology plays a prominent role in this dynamic of memory. This may seem self-evident, as archaeologists are digging for truth and authentic traces, but archaeology has never been an innocent discipline. This accounts also for the war period itself, during which the first excavation of mass graves already started as pivotal in ideological propaganda. This ‘heritaging’ of the past asks for a transnational rethinking of the archaeology of terrorscapes

Large scale anthropogenic reduction of forest cover in Last Glacial Maximum Europe

Reconstructions of the vegetation of Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are an enigma. Pollen-based analyses have suggested that Europe was largely covered by steppe and tundra, and forests persisted only in small refugia. Climate-vegetation model simulations on the other hand have consistently suggested that broad areas of Europe would have been suitable for forest, even in the depths of the last glaciation. Here we reconcile models with data by demonstrating that the highly mobile groups of hunter-gatherers that inhabited Europe at the LGM could have substantially reduced forest cover through the ignition of wildfires. Similar to hunter-gatherers of the more recent past, Upper Paleolithic humans were masters of the use of fire, and preferred inhabiting semi-open landscapes to facilitate foraging, hunting and travel. Incorporating human agency into a dynamic vegetation-fire model and simulating forest cover shows that even small increases in wildfire frequency over natural background levels resulted in large changes in the forested area of Europe, in part because trees were already stressed by low atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the cold, dry, and highly variable climate. Our results suggest that the impact of humans on the glacial landscape of Europe may be one of the earliest large-scale anthropogenic modifications of the earth system

Pitkien asiakassuhteiden taloudellisen arvon määrittäminen

Johtajien lempilauseita on ollut jo pitkään ”ihmiset ovat yrityksen tärkein resurssi”. Sanonta viittaa yrityksen työntekijöihin, mutta asiakkaat, sijoittajat sekä ostajat ovat myös ihmisiä ja täten suuri resurssilähde yritykselle kuin yritykselle. Suhdemarkkinoinnin hengessä kaikki ne joilla on vaikutusta yrityksen menestymiseen, pitäisi ottaa huomioon resurssien lähteenä ja tärkeänä osana yrityksen rakentumista. Perinteinen tase koostuu yrityksen aineellisista, kovista, hyödykkeistä; esimerkiksi raha, varasto, koneet ja rakennukset. Uskollisen asiakkaan omaava tieto ja taito ei mahdu taseen laskennalliseen tulokseen asiakkaan varastotavaroiden kanssa, koska varastossa olevat tavarat ovat käsin kosketeltavia, todellisia asioita. Kuitenkin kun yritys myydään tai varastotavara vaihdetaan asiakas maksaa aineettomista ”pehmeistä” arvoista kuten uskollisista asiakkaista sekä odotettavissa olevista tulevaisuuden tuloista Tässä tutkielmassa etsitään vastauksia pitkien asiakassuhteiden arvottamisen ongelmaan. Ensin esitellään pitkien asiakassuhteiden muodostumisen ja avainelementtien teoriaa ja sitten yritetään löytää hyvää arvottamisen menetelmää sekä markkinoinnin että taloushallinnon tutkimuksista ja artikkeleistafi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

Beek : nader archeologisch onderzoek op twee lokaties in het tracé van de Oost-West baan, Luchthaven Maastricht

Onderzoek in opdracht van de Rijksdienst voor het Oudheidkundig bodemonderzoek (ROB