ON SOME CEREBROSPINAL FLUID CHANGES DURING THE ACUTE STAGE OF СEREBRAL INFARCTION

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Application of model of mixture of probabilistic distributions for definition of the signals of radiophysical probing

© 2016, Allerton Press, Inc.The article describes a model representation of radar probing data in form of a mixture of background and target samples, which is the sum of two random variables with very different parameters. For model development we research the behavior of the central moments of the distribution mix without assuming the distribution law form. An example it is described the detection of the signal at the output of compression system of chirp ionosonde

Simultaneous determine of Doppler shift and group delay time using amplitude modulated chirp-signal

New method of the simultaneous measurement of the frequency dependencies of Doppler shift and group delay time of separate ionosphere modes by means of amplitude modulated chirp signal is presented in this paper. The algorithms of data processing are presented.Представлено новий метод одночасного вимірювання частотних залежностей допплерівського зсуву і часу групової затримки окремих іоносферних мод з використанням безперервного ЛЧМ сигналу з амплітудною модуляцією. Наведено порядок обробки даних під час вимірювання

Using the Risk Function in the Problem of Detection of Radiophysical Sounding Signals

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media New YorkWe propose a model of a two-component mixture for the statistical description of a radiophysical sounding signal at the output of the receiver of a signal with linear frequency modulation. Within this framework, it is found that the risk function can be used to detect readings of the second component in the mixture for small reading amounts. The method for detection of the second mixture component by using the risk function of the mixture on the basis of learning samples is proposed and tested experimentally for the first time

Use of Hazard Function for Signal Detection on Ionograms

© 2004-2012 IEEE. This letter considers a new method for sample detection of ionospheric propagation modes at the receiver output of a chirp ionosonde. The method is based on the use of the hazard function. Within the framework of the two-component mixture model, it is shown that the hazard function can be used to detect samples of the second component in the mixture when the corresponding fraction of samples in the total number is small. The implementation of the method is carried out using training sets. An average normalized hazard function is constructed for the training set not containing the signal. Normalization is carried out in such a way that the hazard function can be considered as a probability density function of a certain random variable. We used Pearson's statistic to test the agreement between the average normalized hazard function of samples that do not contain the signal and an arbitrary normalized hazard function. The critical value of the statistic was determined using the Neyman-Pearson criterion. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been tested for the determination of the lowest and maximum observed frequencies of radio paths from oblique ionospheric sounding ionograms obtained in the Russian network of circumpolar radio paths. The method suggested in this letter can be used not only when processing ionograms but also for the detection of samples of signals of arbitrary nature against a background noise, provided that statistical signal-to-noise ratios are similar to those considered here

Ionospheric Effects of a Solar Eclipse of March 20, 2015 on Oblique Sounding Paths in the Eurasian Longitudinal Sector

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.The results of measuring HF signals on oblique chirp sounding paths in the Eurasian region during a solar eclipse of March 20, 2015 and the neighboring days are presented. The solar eclipse took place against the background of a strong magnetic storm. It was established that during the solar eclipse on oblique sounding paths of different length and orientation the decrease in the maximum observable frequency for the F mode (MOF-F) and the lowest observable frequency for the F mode (LOF-F) was 8–14% and 22–33%, respectively. During the eclipse, the signal amplitude increased by 3–5 dB. On the Lovozero—Nizhny Novgorod path in the maximum phase of the solar eclipse, the electron density decrease in the ionospheric E and F2 layers at the midpoint of the path reached 37% and 22%, respectively. According to the MOF and LOF variation measurements for various modes, the group delay time of radio signals, and the results of spectral analysis, it was found that in the eclipse there were wave disturbances with a period of 25 to 50 min. However, quasi-periodic variations of MOF-F and LOF-F having a a period of 50 to 80 min but which started before the eclipse were detected on some paths. Probably, in these cases, the variations were a result of the superposition of disturbances from two sources, namely, the magnetic storm and the solar eclipse

УПРОЩЕННАЯ МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ КОМПОНОВКИ МАЛОРАЗМЕРНОГО ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНОГО АППАРАТА

Strong reduction of new aircraft design period using new technology based on artificial intelligence is the key problem mentioned in forecasts of leading aerospace industry research centers. This article covers the approach to development of quick aerodynamic design methods based on artificial intelligence neural system. The problem is being solved for the classical scheme of small sized unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV). The principal parts of the method are the mathematical model of layout, layout generator of this type of aircraft is built on aircraft neural networks, automatic selection module for cleaning variety of layouts generated in automatic mode, robust direct computational fluid dynamics method, aerodynamic characteristics approximators on artificial neural networks.Methods based on artificial neural networks have intermediate position between computational fluid dynamics methods or experiments and simplified engineering approaches. The use of ANN for estimating aerodynamic characteris-tics put limitations on input data. For this task the layout must be presented as a vector with dimension not exceeding sev-eral hundred. Vector components must include all main parameters conventionally used for layouts description and completely replicate the most important aerodynamics and structural properties.The first stage of the work is presented in the paper. Simplified mathematical model of small sized UAV was developed. To estimate the range of geometrical parameters of layouts the review of existing vehicle was done. The result of the work is the algorithm and computer software for generating the layouts based on ANN technolo-gy. 10000 samples were generated and the dataset containig geometrical and aerodynamic characteristics of layoutwas created.В фундаментальных прогнозах ведущих научных центров аэрокосмической индустрии поставлена задача существенно сократить время разработки новых летательных аппаратов за счет создания нового поколения средств проектирования с привлечением систем искусственного интеллекта. В данной статье рассматривается подход к развитию быстрых методов аэродинамического проектирования, основанных на применении технологии искусственных нейронных сетей. Решается задача создания быстрого интерполяционного метода аэродинамического расчета компоновки малого летательного аппарата самолетной схемы. Составными частями метода являются математическая модель компоновки, генератор компоновок данного класса на базе репликативных искусственных нейронных сетей, автоматизированный алгоритм выбраковки неудачных компоновок, созданных в автоматическом режиме, робастный прямой метод аэродинамического расчета компоновок, аппроксиматоры на базе искусственных нейронных сетей.Методы, основанные на применении искусственных нейронных сетей, занимают некоторое промежуточное место между методами решения краевых задач вычислительной аэродинамики или экспериментом и упрощенными (инженерными) методами. Использование искусственных нейронных сетей для оценки аэродинамических характери-стик накладывает определенные ограничения на представление входной информации. При использовании искусственных нейронных сетей в качестве аппроксиматора аэродинамических характеристик размерность входного вектора, описывающего компоновку, не должна превышать нескольких сотен. При этом компоненты входного вектора должны включать в себя все основные параметры, традиционно используемые для описания компоновок рассматриваемого класса и полностью отражающие наиболее существенные аэродинамические и конструктивные свойства.В статье приведены результаты первого этапа работ. Предложена обобщенная математическая модель компоновок малоразмерных беспилотных летательных аппаратов. Для определения диапазона изменения геометрических параметров компоновки сделан обзор аппаратов данного класса. Результатом работы является алгоритм и компьютерная программа на базе искусственных нейронных сетей для генерации компоновок данного класса. Сгенерировано 10000 компоновок, выбраковка неудачных позволила создать набор данных. Выбран, тестирован и подготовлен к проведению численных экспериментов прямой метод для выполнения аэродинамического расчета

Impact of a Strong Magnetic Storm and Two X-Ray Flares on the Ionospheric HF Channel in the Summer Solstice of 2015 According to Oblique Sounding in the Eurasian Region

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. We present the results of observations of the impact a strong magnetic storm and two X-ray flares in the summer solstice of 2015 on the HF signal characteristics during oblique sounding of the ionosphere in the Eurasian region. It was found that the negative phase of the magnetic storm led to a strong degradation of the ionospheric channel, up to a long blackout on the paths adjacent to the subauroral latitudes. On the midlatitude paths, a decrease in the maximum observable frequency of the F layer reached 50% with respect to the average values for an undisturbed ionosphere. The propagation velocity of the negative phase of a disturbance from the subauroral to the midlatitude ionosphere is determined (it is equal to about 100 m/s). It is shown that during a magnetic storm the least observable frequency and the average signal-to-noise ratio for the propagation mode via the sporadic E s layer correlate well with the auroral AE index. Anomalous signals were detected in the main phase of the magnetic storm on the Cyprus—Rostov-on-Don path when a chirp ionosonde–radio direction finder was operated in the over-the-horizon HF radar mode. On the basis of modeling and comparison with experimental data, it is shown that the anomalous signals are due to scattering of radio waves by small-scale irregularities located in the subauroral ionospheric F region

Impact of a Strong Magnetic Storm and Two X-Ray Flares on the Ionospheric HF Channel in the Summer Solstice of 2015 According to Oblique Sounding in the Eurasian Region

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC We present the results of observations of the impact a strong magnetic storm and two X-ray flares in the summer solstice of 2015 on the HF signal characteristics during oblique sounding of the ionosphere in the Eurasian region. It was found that the negative phase of the magnetic storm led to a strong degradation of the ionospheric channel, up to a long blackout on the paths adjacent to the subauroral latitudes. On the midlatitude paths, a decrease in the maximum observable frequency of the F layer reached 50% with respect to the average values for an undisturbed ionosphere. The propagation velocity of the negative phase of a disturbance from the subauroral to the midlatitude ionosphere is determined (it is equal to about 100 m/s). It is shown that during a magnetic storm the least observable frequency and the average signal-to-noise ratio for the propagation mode via the sporadic E s layer correlate well with the auroral AE index. Anomalous signals were detected in the main phase of the magnetic storm on the Cyprus—Rostov-on-Don path when a chirp ionosonde–radio direction finder was operated in the over-the-horizon HF radar mode. On the basis of modeling and comparison with experimental data, it is shown that the anomalous signals are due to scattering of radio waves by small-scale irregularities located in the subauroral ionospheric F region

Impact of heliogeophysical disturbances on ionospheric HF channels

© 2017 COSPAR. The article presents the results of the observation of a strong magnetic storm and two X-ray flares during the summer solstice in 2015, and their impact on the HF signals characteristics in ionospheric oblique sounding. It was found that the negative phase of the magnetic storm led to a strong degradation of the ionospheric channel, ultimately causing a long blackout on paths adjacent to subauroral latitudes. On mid-latitude paths, the decrease in 1FMOF reached ∼50% relative to the average values for the quiet ionosphere. It is shown that the propagation conditions via the sporadic Es layer during the magnetic storm on a subauroral path are substantially better than those for F-mode propagation via the upper ionosphere. The delay of the sharp decrease in 1FMOF during the main phase of the magnetic storm allowed us to determine the propagation velocity of the negative phase disturbances (∼100. m/s) from subauroral to mid-latitude ionosphere along two paths: Lovozero - Yoshkar-Ola and Cyprus - Nizhny Novgorod. It is shown that both the LOF and the signal/noise ratio averaged over the frequency band corresponding to the propagation mode via the sporadic Es layer correlate well with the auroral AE index. Using an over-the-horizon chirp radar with a bistatic configuration on the Cyprus - Rostov-on-Don path, we located small-scale scattering irregularities responsible for abnormal signals in the region of the equatorial boundary of the auroral oval