Utilization of fruit peels as carbon source for white rot fungi biomass production under submerged state bioconversion

AbstractThe present generation of nutrient rich waste streams within the food and hospitality industry is inevitable and remained a matter of concern to stakeholders. Three white rot fungal strains were cultivated under submerged state bioconversion (SmB). Fermentable sugar conversion efficiency, biomass production and substrate utilization constant were indicators used to measure the success of the process. The substrates – banana peel (Bp), pineapple peel (PAp) and papaya peel (Pp) were prepared in wet and dried forms as substrates. Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium), Panus tigrinus M609RQY, and RO209RQY were cultivated on sole fruit wastes and their composites. All fungal strains produced profound biomass on dry sole wet substrates, but wet composite substrates gave improved results. P. tigrinus RO209RQY was the most efficient in sugar conversion (99.6%) on sole substrates while P. tigrinus M609RQY was efficient on composite substrates. Elevated substrate utilization constant (Ku) and biomass production heralded wet composite substrates. P. chrysosporium was the most performing fungal strain for biomass production, while PApBp was the best composite substrate

Urban Green Space Accessibility in Ilorin City, Nigeria

Urban green space (UGS) is a very important determinant of social and environmental fairness. Many developing countries are faced with a dearth of public green spaces and Ilorin in Nigeria is no exception. Despite the numerous benefits of these facilities, they are still the target of encroachment by other land uses. The study assesses green space distribution in Ilorin City, using the World Health Organization (WHO) standard  indicators to evaluate its accessibility and availability. The primary instruments used are the Geographic Information System (ArcMap 10.3), Google Earth Engine (GEE), and administrative shapefiles of Ilorin West and South Local Government Areas. The results show that UGS is inadequate and only one out of the fourteen wards in the city meets the WHO 9m2green space standard and also offers 64.2 percent public access within a 300m distance radius. This result implies that Ilorin is not developing along the path of sustainability since the dearth of green space predisposes its inhabitants to immense danger. A recommendation was made for the design of a comprehensive green space master plan for the city. This shall put a check on the city's growth to foster sustainable development

Urban Green Space Accessibility in Ilorin City, Nigeria

Urban green space (UGS) is a very important determinant of social and environmental fairness. Many developing countries are faced with a dearth of public green spaces and Ilorin in Nigeria is no exception. Despite the numerous benefits of these facilities, they are still the target of encroachment by other land uses. The study assesses green space distribution in Ilorin City, using the World Health Organization (WHO) standard  indicators to evaluate its accessibility and availability. The primary instruments used are the Geographic Information System (ArcMap 10.3), Google Earth Engine (GEE), and administrative shapefiles of Ilorin West and South Local Government Areas. The results show that UGS is inadequate and only one out of the fourteen wards in the city meets the WHO 9m2green space standard and also offers 64.2 percent public access within a 300m distance radius. This result implies that Ilorin is not developing along the path of sustainability since the dearth of green space predisposes its inhabitants to immense danger. A recommendation was made for the design of a comprehensive green space master plan for the city. This shall put a check on the city's growth to foster sustainable development