Probabilistic sensitivity analysis.

<p>Incremental costs (€) of pulmonary rehabilitation intervention as a function of its incremental effectiveness (QALY).</p

Sensitivity analysis results (LY: life year, QALY: quality adjusted life year, ICER: incremental cost effectiveness ratio); Simulation 1: Exacerbation rate = -46% and Increase QALY = 0.125; Simulation 2: Exacerbation rate = -46% and COPD costs = -10%, Simulation 3: Exacerbation rate = -46% and COPD costs = -10% and Increase QALY = 0.125.

<p>Sensitivity analysis results (LY: life year, QALY: quality adjusted life year, ICER: incremental cost effectiveness ratio); Simulation 1: Exacerbation rate = -46% and Increase QALY = 0.125; Simulation 2: Exacerbation rate = -46% and COPD costs = -10%, Simulation 3: Exacerbation rate = -46% and COPD costs = -10% and Increase QALY = 0.125.</p

Acceptability curve.

<p>Percent chances that PR is-cost-effective (as compared to standard care) as a function of the willingness to pay (€/QALY) for it.</p

Simulation result comparing Respiratory rehabilitation program to usual care (QALY: quality adjusted life year, ICER: incremental cost effectiveness ratio).

<p>Simulation result comparing Respiratory rehabilitation program to usual care (QALY: quality adjusted life year, ICER: incremental cost effectiveness ratio).</p

characteristics of the population without pulmonary rehabilitation (usual cares) and with pulmonary rehabilitation (PR); ⁺% non smokers/ex-smokers/smokers; ⁺⁺% of patients at least 1 exacerbation per year.

<p>characteristics of the population without pulmonary rehabilitation (usual cares) and with pulmonary rehabilitation (PR); ⁺% non smokers/ex-smokers/smokers; ⁺⁺% of patients at least 1 exacerbation per year.</p

Decision model.

<p>Four health states (GOLD2 to GOLD4 and death) defining the outcome of a patient with COPD. The arrows indicate the possibility of transition from one state to another. Transition from one state to another, based on GOLD criteria, is unidirectional. GOLD4 patients cannot transit to another stage, and « death » is an absorbing state in which transition to another state is not possible.</p

Excess sales of analgesics observed during the Chikungunya epidemic on La Réunion, 2005–2006.

<p>The black curve represents the observed number of boxes sold, and the green curve the expected number of boxes sold. The red curve represents the upper limit of the 95% prediction interval. Excesses are represented by the areas painted in blue (source of the data: IMS Health).</p

Medical costs related to the Chikungunya epidemic, La Réunion, 2005–2006.

<p>Medical costs related to the Chikungunya epidemic, La Réunion, 2005–2006.</p

Excess reimbursement of analgesics during the Chikungunya epidemic on La Réunion, 2005–2006.

<p>The black curve represents the observed reimbursement costs in Euros, and the green curve the “expected” reimbursement cost in the absence of epidemic, derived from the fit of a periodic regression model to observed costs outside the epidemic period. The red curve represents the upper limit of the 95% prediction interval for monthly costs in the absence of epidemic. Excess periods are defined when the observed costs are above the threshold (area in blue) and quantified by the cumulated difference between observed and expected costs over such periods.</p

Algorithm for the scale of charges for hospital stays associated with Chikungunya.

<p>Algorithm for the scale of charges for hospital stays associated with Chikungunya.</p