Lexical Properties of Onomatopoeias in the Dialects of Kikai Town, Kagoshima Prefecture

National Institute for Japanese Language and LinguisticsFirst Published: August 15, 2011 (in Japanese

Research Report on the Kikaijima Dialects : General Study for Research and Conservation of Endangered Dialects in Japan

National Institute for Japanese Language and LinguisticsNational Institute for Japanese Language and LinguisticsOkinawa International UniversityUniversity of AucklandNational Institute for Japanese Language and LinguisticsFirst Published: August 15, 2011 (in Japanese

東北方言オノマトペ（擬音語・擬態語）用例集 : 青森県・岩手県・宮城県・福島県

国立国語研究所National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistic

8. 言語地図データベースの概要

国立国語研究

痛みを表す言語表現ウズクの地域差

国立国語研究所 時空間変異研究系(元)国立国語研究所 時空間変異研究系 非常勤研究員[former] Department of Language Change and Variation, NINJALAdjunct Researcher, Department of Language Change and Variation, NINJAL痛みを表す言語表現のうち動詞ウズクの使用実態について，約18万人を対象に行ったアンケート調査「慢性痛とその言語表現に関する全国調査」をもとに，地域差を中心に世代差・用法差を明らかにし，その背景を考察する。ウズクは，医療現場で患者の病態把握に用いられる質問票でよく用いられる動詞で，共通語と考えられている。しかし，調査結果の分析から，実際には西日本で主に用いられるという地域差と，50～60代で用いられるという世代差があることが明らかになった。用法差については，全国的に部位等によって使用率に違いがあることが明らかになった。この違いは，地域差や世代差と連動する形で現れる。「歯」「切り傷」では東日本を含む全国で用いられるのに対して，「頭」「関節」では西日本に限定され，「腰」「胃／腹」では愛媛県とその周辺地域へと分布域が狭まっている。痛みの性質からみて，「歯」の痛みは，「頭」「関節」「腰」「胃／腹」の順に遠くなっていくと考えられる。そして，歯からの「痛みの連続性」の順に，ウズクの使用率は減少し，分布域も狭くなる。この背景には，ウズクが細かい意味の違いでほかの語と使い分けられている（いた）ことと，身体感覚を表す「気づかない方言」であること，共通語化があると考えられる。身体感覚は個人的な感覚であるため方言が使われやすく，私的場面での使用に偏り，結果的に方言であることが気づかれにくい。関東地方では，もともと使われていたウズクの用法が狭まったか，あるいは，西日本の方言ウズクをごく一部の用法（「歯」「切り傷」）に限定して取り入れたか，双方の可能性が考えられる。In this paper, we clarify the differences in region, generation, and meaning of the verb uzuku, which is used to express a type of pain. We consider the characteristics of its usage through analysis of data from "The Nationwide Survey for Chronic Pain and its Expressions," which was administered to approximately 180,000 people.The verb uzuku is used to diagnose the clinical condition of the patient in a medical context. It is regarded as part of the standard Japanese language and is also used in the survey. However, an analysis of the results of this survey found that uzuku is mainly used in western Japan and by people in their 50s or older.In terms of the differences in meaning, the rate of use declines nationwide in descending order when referring to "toothache," "cut," "headache," "arthralgia," "backache," and "stomachache."Uzuku is used mainly in western Japan to express "toothache," "cut," and "headache." However, it is hardly used for headaches in eastern Japan, while its rate of use in western Japan also declines in under 50s. In Ehime Prefecture, its rate of use is high in expressing "arthralgia," "backache," and "stomachache." Therefore, uzuku has a broader meaning in the Ehime dialect than in other dialects.With regard to the quality of pain, the type of pain is differentiated to an increasing degree from that of "toothache" in the case of "headache," "arthralgia," "backache," and "stomachache." In the order of continuity of pain from "toothache," the rate of use of uzuku decreases and the area of use becomes narrower.Uzuku is part of an "unnoticed dialect," which expresses physical sensation and is standardized with reduction of meaning. Physical sensation is personal, and words of physical sensation tend to be used in the private domain. Therefore, it can easily be overlooked that they are dialect forms.There are many answers to the survey that can be given other than uzuku. These are used differently according to usage or nuance. It is suggested that the meaning of uzuku has become narrower because itai/itamu has taken on the core meaning of pain, especially in the Kanto district

「全国方言文法の対比的研究」調査の概要とそのデータ分析 : 原因・理由表現

国立国語研究所 時空間変異研究系国立国語研究所 理論・構造研究系Department of Language Change and Variation, National Institute for Japanese Language and LinguisticsDepartment of Linguistic Theory and Structure, National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics国立国語研究所における「全国方言文法の対比的研究」に関わる調査資料群のうち,調査I・調査IIIという未発表の調査資料について,調査の概要をまとめ,具体的な言語分析を行った。調査I・調査IIIは,統一的な方法で方言文法の全国調査を行うことによって,方言および標準語の文法研究に必要な基礎的資料を得ることを目的とし,1966-1973(昭和41-48)年度に地方研究員53名・所員4名によって行われ,全国94地点の整理票が現存する。具体的なデータとして原因・理由表現を取り上げ,データ分析を試みることによって資料の特徴を明らかにした。3節では,異なり語数の比較や形式の重複数から,『方言文法全国地図』が対象としなかった意味・用法を含む幅広い形式が報告された可能性があることを指摘し,意味・用法については主節の文のタイプ,推量形への接続の可否,終助詞的用法の観点から回答結果を概観した。4節では,調査時期の異なる他の調査資料との比較によって,ハンテ類の衰退とサカイ類の語形変化を指摘した。「対比的研究」の調査結果は興味深く,現代では得がたい資料である。今後,この調査報告の活用が期待される。Using the materials from the first and third "Contrastive Study of Dialect Grammars" by The National Language Research Institute, we summarized the methodology and performed a linguistic analysis. The purpose of these surveys was to gather the data required for a study of the grammars of dialects and the grammar of the standard language by conducting a nationwide investigation using a consistent methodology. The investigation was carried out by a total of 53 local researchers and four staff members in 94 locations all over the country between 1966 and 1973. Some characteristics of the data emerged when we analyzed expressions for cause/reason. By looking at the numbers reported for different words and for overlapping expressions, we realized that there may be linguistic forms that are missing from the "Grammar Atlas of Japanese Dialects". By comparing data from other surveys done at different times, we noted a decrease in the HANTE type and a change in the inflectional form used with the SAKAI type. The findings of the "Contrastive Study of Dialect Grammars" are extremely valuable and would be difficult to duplicate today

5.1. 音韻

広島大学国立国語研究

〈全文〉 方言の形成過程解明のための全国方言調査 : 「事前研究」報告書

国立国語研究所国立国語研究所国立国語研究所国立国語研究所群馬県立女子大学広島大学大阪大学秋田大学神戸女子大学滋賀大