Effect of DCM parameters on wall mechanics measurement.

<p>The percentage change in the average von Mises stress (vMS), longitudinal strain rate (SR_L), circumferential strain rate (SR_C) and radial strain rate (SR_R) with a two-fold increase in the peak E-wave velocity (E peak, baseline value = 0.7 m/s), end systolic volume (ESV, baseline value = 50 mL), wall stiffness (Stiffness, baseline value obtained from the normal condition) and sphericity index (SI, baseline value = 0.52).</p

Temporal waveforms of the inlet velocity for normal, impaired relaxation, pseudonormal, and restrictive filling patterns.

<p>For each of the filling pattern, E-wave refers to the first wave while A-wave refers to the second wave.</p

List of parameter values for normal, idiopathic DCM (IDCM) and ischemic DCM (ICM) conditions.

<p>IR = impaired relaxation, PS = pseudonormal, RE = restrictive. ESV = end systolic volume, EDV = end diastole volume, IV = total inflow volume, SI = sphericity index, EDP = end diastolic pressure, E peak = peak E-wave velocity, A peak = peak A-wave velocity, DT = E-wave deceleration time, E/A = ratio of the peak E-wave velocity to the peak A-wave velocity, µ and α = material constants of the Ogden constitutive equation, NI = non-ischemic, I = ischemic.</p

Relationship between nominal stress and strain for the normal, idiopathic DCM and ischemic DCM (basal and apical region) models.

<p>Semi-log plot (y-axis) on the right.</p

Instantaneous vorticity (contour plot) in normal LV, idiopathic DCM (impaired relaxation) and ischemic DCM (impaired relaxation) during peak E-wave, end of E-wave and end of filling phases.

<p>Vorticity levels: from 5 to 100, step 10.</p

Effects of DCM parameters on fluid dynamic measurements.

<p>The percentage change in the vortex intensity (Γ_I), flow propagation velocity (V_p), early peak intraventricular pressure difference (IVPD) and end diastolic pressure (EDP) with a 2X increase in the peak E-wave velocity (E peak, baseline value = 0.7 m/s), end systolic volume (ESV, baseline value = 50 mL), wall stiffness (Stiffness, baseline value obtained from the normal condition) and sphericity index (SI, baseline value = 0.52).</p

Pressure volume relationship for normal, idiopathic and ischemic DCM cases throughout the filling phase.

<p>Pressure volume relationship for normal, idiopathic and ischemic DCM cases throughout the filling phase.</p

von Mises stress (top) and total strain (bottom) distribution for (a) normal, (b) idiopathic DCM (impaired relaxation) and (c) ischemic DCM (impaired relaxation) during end of the filling phase.

<p>von Mises stress (top) and total strain (bottom) distribution for (a) normal, (b) idiopathic DCM (impaired relaxation) and (c) ischemic DCM (impaired relaxation) during end of the filling phase.</p

Quantitative comparison of various intraventricular fluid dynamics and myocardial wall mechanics measurements for normal, idiopathic and ischemic DCM with impaired relaxation, pseudonormal and restrictive filling patterns.

<p> = average vorticity, ΓA = vortex area, ΓI = vortex intensity, Vp = flow propagation velocity, IVPDE = early peak intraventricular pressure difference (IVPD), IVPDL = late peak IVPD, vMS = average von Mises stress, SRL = average longitudinal strain rate, SRC = average circumferential strain rate, SRR = average radial strain rate.</p

von Mises stress (left) and total strain (right) distribution for ischemic DCM (lateral infarct) during end of the filling phase.

<p>von Mises stress (left) and total strain (right) distribution for ischemic DCM (lateral infarct) during end of the filling phase.</p