Language and "Sense of Reality"

Article信州大学教育システム研究開発センター紀要 5: 79-86(1999)departmental bulletin pape

Consideration on Kerguelen-Davis Oscillation Index (KDOI) influencing variability on environmental ecosystem in the Prydz Bay region, east Antarctica: data exploration

第3回極域科学シンポジウム/第34回極域生物シンポジウム 11月26日（月） 統計数理研究所 ３階セミナー

L-Fucose-containing arabinogalactan-protein in radish leaves.

The carbohydrate moieties of arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) have β-(1 → 3)-galactan backbones to which side chains of (1 → 6)-linked β-Gal residues are attached through O-6. Some of these side chains are further substituted with other sugars. We investigated the structure of L-Fuc-containing oligosaccharides released from the carbohydrate moieties of a radish leaf AGP by digestion with α-L-arabinofuranosidase, followed by exo-β-(1 → 3)-galactanase. We detected a series of neutral β-(1 → 6)-galactooligosaccharides branching variously at O-3 of the Gal residues, together with corresponding acidic derivatives terminating in 4-O-methyl-GlcA (4-Me-GlcA) or GlcA at the non-reducing terminals. In neutral oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization (dp) mainly higher than 10, L-Fuc groups were attached through L-Ara residues as the sequence, α-L-Fucp-(1 → 2)-α-L-Araf-(1 →. This sequence was verified by isolation of the pentasaccharide α-L-Fuc-(1 → 2)-α-L-Araf-(1 → 3)-β-Gal-(1 → 6)-β-Gal-(1 → 6)-Gal upon digestion of the higher oligosaccharides with endo-β-(1 → 6)-galactanase. By contrast, in lower polymerized (predominantly dp 4) acidic oligosaccharides, L-Fuc groups were attached directly at the non-reducing terminals through α-(1 → 2)-linkages, resulting in the release of the tetrasaccharides, α-L-Fucp-(1 → 2)-β-GlcA-(1 → 6)-β-Gal-(1 → 6)-Gal and α-L-Fucp-(1 → 2)-β-4-Me-GlcA-(1 → 6)-β-Gal-(1 → 6)-Gal. In long acidic oligosaccharides with dp mainly higher than 13, L-Fuc groups localized on branches were attached to the uronic acids directly and/or L-Ara residues as in the neutral oligosaccharides.The authors would like to thank Prof. M. Hisamatsu, Mie University, Tsu, Japan, for a gift of cyclic β-(1→2)-glucan. This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research no. 23570048 to Y.T. and no. 24114006 to Y.T. and T.K.). Support was also provided by BBSRC Sustainable Bioenergy Centre: Cell wall sugars program (Grant No. BB/G016240/1) to P.D.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2015.07.00

Consideration of seasonal change in marine ecosystem in sea ice melting season around Prydz Bay, east Antarctica

第2回極域科学シンポジウム　共通セッション「海氷圏の生物地球化学」 11月16日（水） 統計数理研究所 3階セミナー

The acute effects of diazepam and sodium valproate on the human SEP (Somatosensory Evoked Potential) and EEG

The acute effects of diazepam (DZP) and sodium valproate (VPA) on somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) were studied with 16 healthy male subjects (26~43 y. o.). In the two experimental sessions on different days, DZP (0.1 mg/kg) or VP A (5 mg/kg) was orally administered for each subjects. EEGs containing SEPs evoked by electric stimuli once every 5 sec were derived from the two derivations (monopolar : C3'→A1+2, bipolar : C3'→F3') and recorded into magnetic tape, before and 30, 60, and 90 min after the administration of these drugs. Reproducing the tape, SEPs with 1024 msec of analysis time were obtained by averaging 100 responses, and EEGs were subjected to the frequency analysis. Consecutive changes of group mean SEP were studied. Individual SEPs were subjected to the component analysis, and to the statistical assessment together with EEG. The following results were obtained. 1. After the administration of DZP, amplitudes of middle and long latency compenent significantly decreased and continued from early stage. The latencies were significantly increased and recovered for the middle latency component (P3~N4), while decreased for those of long latency component (N5~) later. After administration of DZP, in EEG, the power % were significantly increased for not only drug induced β but also δ and θ, and they had significant positive correlation with the latencies of middle latency component. These results suggest that DZP has the transient inhibitory effect to brainstem reticular formation, thalamus and hypothalamus, and continuous inhibitory effect to cerebral gray matter from early stage, and might facilitate transmission in cerebral white matter through GABA neuron system. 2. After the administration of VPA, the latencies did not significantly change for latencies of middle latency component, but increased for these of long latency component (P6~). Amplitudes of middle and long latency components decreased significantly. In EEG, the power % were significantly increased for α1 and decreased for β2. These results suggest that VPA has no or weak effect to brainstem reticular formation, thalamus and hypothalamus, while it has the inhibitory effect to cerebral gray matter through GABA neuron system

The acute effects of mianserin hydrochloride and sodium valproate on the human AEP (Auditory Evoked Potential) and EEG

The acute effects of mianserin hydrochloride (MSR) and sodium valproate (VPA) were studied by auditory evoked potential (AEP), with 16 healthy male subjects (26~43 y. o.). In the two experimental session on different days, MSR (0.3 mg/kg) or VPA (5 mg/ kg) were orally administered for each subjects. EEGs containing AEPs evoked by click stimuli once every 5 sec were derived from the two derivations (3 ch : Cz→A1+2, 6 ch : Cz →T 5 ) and recorded into magnetic tape. Reproducing the tape, AEPs with 1024 msec of analysis time were obtained by averaging 100 responses, and EEGs were subjected to the frequency analysis. In the experimental session, EEG containing AEPs were recorded befored and 60, 120, and 180 min after the administration of MSR, and before and 30, 60, and 90 min after VPA. Consecutive changes of group mean AEP were studied. Individual AEPs were subjected to the component analysis, and to the statistical assessment together with EEG. The followig results were obtained. 1. After the administration of MSR, P2 and P3 latenies of the middle latency components and those of long latency components (P6~) of AEP significantly increased. All of significant changes were decrease for the peak-to-peak amplitudes of the AEP components. These inhibitory effects of MSR on AEP were attributed to the antihistaminergic effect of MSR. Moreover, significant positive correlation was found between δ and θ power % of EEG and P2 and P3 latencies, significant negative correlation between α2 and β2 power % of EEG and P2 latency, and between α2 power % of EEG and P3 latency. These results indicate that not only P2 but also P3 reflect the activities of the reticular formation and thalamocortical systems. 2. After the administration of VPA, latencies of long latency components (P6~) significantly increased, but those of middle latency components (Pl~P3) did not significantly change. These results were attributed to the inhibitory effects of VPA on the cerebral cortex through GABA neuron system. 3. From these results, it was considered that MSR has more inhibitory effect on the reticular formation and thalamocortical systems, and VPA has main inhibitory effect on the cerebral cortex

The acute effects of mianserin hydrochloride and sodium valproate on the human VEP (Visual Evoked Potential) and EEG

The acute effects of mianserin hydrochloride (MSR) and sodium valproate (VPA) were studied by visual evoked potential (VEP), with 16 healthy male subjects (26~43 y. o.). In the two experimental session on different days, MSR (0.3 mg/kg) or VPA (5 mg/kg) were orally administered for each subjects. EEGs containing VEPs evoked by flash stimuli once every 5 sec were derived from the two derivations (2ch : 01→A1+2, 5ch : 01→Cz) and recorded into magnetic tape. Reproducing the tape, VEPs with 1024 msec of analysis time were obtained by averaging 100 responses, and EEGs were subjected to the frequency ayalysis. In the experimental session, EEG containing VEPs were recorded before and 60, 120, and 180 min after the administration of MSR, and before and 30, 60, and 90 min after VPA. Consecutive change of group mean VEP were studied. Individual VEPs were subjected to the component analysis, and to the statistical assessment together with EEG. The following results were obtained. 1. After the administration of MSR, P3 and N3 latencies of the short latency components of VEP significantly increased. And most of those of long latency components (N6~) significantly increased. The peak-to-peak amplitude P3-N3 and N3-P4 significantly decreased. In EEG, the power % of δ, θ and β2 frequency band increased, and that of α2 decreased. Significant positive correlation was found between δ and θ power % of EEG and latencies and amplitudes of VEP, and significant negative correlation was found between α2 and β2 power % and latencies and amplitudes. These findings indicate the inhibitory effect of MSR mainly on the lateral geniculate body and the optic radiation in the visual system. 2. After the administration of VPA, latencies of the long latency components (P7~) of VEP sigificantly increased, but those of short latency components did not change significantly. The peak-to-peak amplitudes inconsistently decreased mainly in the short latency components. In EEG, the power % of θ frequency band increased and that of β2 decreased. Significant positive correlation was found between δ and θ power % of EEG and latencies of VEP mainly in the long latency components (P7~), and significant negative correlation was found between δ and θ power % of EEG and amplitudes of VEP mainly in the long latency components (P6~). These findings indicate the inhibitory effect of VPA mainly on the cerebral cortex through GABA neuron system

Age-dependent motor dysfunction due to neuron-specific disruption of stress-activated protein kinase MKK7.

c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family and controls various physiological processes including apoptosis. A specific upstream activator of JNKs is the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (MKK7). It has been reported that MKK7-JNK signaling plays an important regulatory role in neural development, however, post-developmental functions in the nervous system have not been elucidated. In this study, we generated neuron-specific Mkk7 knockout mice (MKK7 cKO), which impaired constitutive activation of JNK in the nervous system. MKK7 cKO mice displayed impaired circadian behavioral rhythms and decreased locomotor activity. MKK7 cKO mice at 8 months showed motor dysfunctions such as weakness of hind-limb and gait abnormality in an age-dependent manner. Axonal degeneration in the spinal cord and muscle atrophy were also observed, along with accumulation of the axonal transport proteins JNK-interacting protein 1 and amyloid beta precursor protein in the brains and spinal cords of MKK7 cKO mice. Thus, the MKK7-JNK signaling pathway plays important roles in regulating circadian rhythms and neuronal maintenance in the adult nervous system

イソプロテレノール誘導肥大心においてNHE-1阻害薬は、ラット左心室の筋スライスのCa2+トランジェントを正常化する

We previously reported that left ventricular (LV) slices from isoproterenol (ISO)-induced hypertrophied rat hearts showed an increase of energy expenditure due to remodeling of Ca2+ handling in excitation–contraction coupling, i.e., suppressed SERCA2a activity and enhanced Na+/Ca2+exchanger-1 (NCX-1) activity. Na+/H+ exchanger-1 (NHE-1) inhibitor (NHEI) has been demonstrated to exert beneficial effects in the development of cardiac remodeling. We hypothesized that a novel NHE-1 selective inhibitor, BIIB723 prevents remodeling of Ca2+ handling in LV slices of ISO-induced hypertrophied rat hearts mediated by inhibiting NCX-1 activity. The significant shortening in duration of multi-cellular Ca2+ transient in ISO group was normalized in ISO + BIIB723 group. The significant increase in amplitude of multi-cellular Ca2+ waves (CaW) generated at high [Ca2+]o of LV slices in ISO group was also normalized in ISO + BIIB723 group. However, the enhanced NCX-1 activity was not antagonized by BIIB723. We recently reported that ISO-induced down-regulation of a Ca2+ handling protein, SERCA2a, was normalized by BIIB723. Therefore, it seems likely that BIIB723 normalized shortened multi-cellular Ca2+ transient duration and increased CaW amplitude in LV slices mediated via normalization of SERCA2a activity. Furthermore, the results presented here suggest the multi-cellular Ca2+ transient duration and CaW amplitude in LV slices might be better indices reflecting SERCA2a activity than SERCA2a protein expression level.博士（医学）・甲618号・平成26年3月17