The measurement of the viscosity coefficient of sea water

In an old study by Ruppin and Krummel (Krümmel, 1907: 281), the viscosity of sea water was measured by the method of Wil. Ostwald. However, at that time the data for the viscosity of sea water were given relative to that of pure water at 0° C. Since then several precise measurements (Dorsey, 1940: 182) have been made and reliable data obtained, and therefore it is necessary to determine more exact values for the viscosity of sea water

Study on Heat Transfer Mechanism of Steam Condensation on Water Jet in Steam Injector

In this chapter, the heat transfer characteristics in the steam injector that has been proposed to introduce into boiling water reactors as a feed water heat exchanger and a safety injection pump are examined. The temperature and the velocity distribution in the injector were measured. The heat transfer rate from the steam flow around the water jet to the water jet was greatly larger than that of the usual turbulent flow in a pipe. High-speed camera pictures revealed the surface of the water jet was very wavy. It was supposed that the wavy motion on the water jet surface created the effective large-internal circulation flow in the water jet, which resulted in the tremendously effective heat transport from the surface into the center portion of the water jet. From the high-speed camera pictures, the characteristics of waves on the surface; the wave height, the wave velocity, and the wave length were obtained. In addition, the dimensionless numbers were found from the parameters that related to the phenomena in the steam injector. By using these dimensionless numbers, a correlation for the heat transfer from steam flow to the water jet in the steam injector was proposed

A measurement on electromagnetic noise and change of surface in arcing electric contacts

科研費報告書収録論文(課題番号:11834003・基盤研究(C)(2)・H11～H12/研究代表者:根元, 義章/実時間並列計測による小形電気機器から生じる電磁ノイズの解明

Experiments on relationship between electromagnetic noise and surface profile change by arc discharge of heterogeneous material contacts

科研費報告書収録論文(課題番号:11834003・基盤研究(C)(2)・H11～H12/研究代表者:根元, 義章/実時間並列計測による小形電気機器から生じる電磁ノイズの解明

Paper No. ICNMM2006-96093 STUDY ON MICRO-PUMP USING BOILING BUBBLES

ABSTRACT By making use of boiling and condensation in a micro channel, a micro pump was developed. The length and the diameter of the half-circle cross-section micro-channel which had two open tanks at both ends were 26 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively. A 0.5×0.5 mm patch electrically heated was located at the offset location from the center between both ends of the micro channel; at 8.5 mm from the one end and at 17 mm from the other end. The micro channel and the two open tanks were filled with distilled water. The heating patch was heated periodically to cause periodical formation of a boiling bubble and its condensation. By this procedure, flow from the short side (8.5 mm side) to the long side was created. The flow rate increased as the heating rate was increased. The average flow velocity and flow rate obtained were approximately ~ 12 mm/s and ~ 3 mm 3 /s, respectively. The velocity of a interface between the bubble and liquid during the condensation period was much faster than that during the boiling period. During the condensation period, the velocity of the interface at the short channel side (8.5 mm side) was faster than that at the long channel side (17 mm side). The equation of motion of liquid in the flow channel was solved to calculate the traveling of liquid in the flow channel. Predicted velocities agreed well with the experimental results. The velocity differences between the short side and the long side as well as between the boiling period and the condensing period were expressed well by the calculation. Liquid began to move from the stationary condition during both boiling and condensing periods. Liquid in the inlet side (short side) moves faster than that in the outlet side (long side) during the condensation period because of less inertia than that in the long side. Since the condensation was much faster than boiling, this effect is more prominent during the condensation period. By iterating this, the net flow from the short side to the long side was created. INTRODUCTION Micro-machine technology has been studied by many investigators actively for recent several decades. It has been proved that the technology is really innovative since it has th

Phase II Trial of Biweekly Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine as Second-Line Chemotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Previously Treated with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy

A phase II study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of biweekly administration of paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had been treated previously with platinum-based chemotherapy. Paclitaxel (150 mg/m2) and gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m2) were administered biweekly for at least 4 cycles. Thirty-one patients with a median age of 64 years (39-75 years) were enrolled in this study(stage IIIB/IV :11/20,PS 0/1/2:13/16/2).Partial response was observed in 7 cases (23%), and stable disease was seen in 18 cases (58%).Median survival time was 8.8 months with a one-year survival rate of 41.9 %.Hematological toxicities were mild and neutropenia of grade 3 or above was observed in one patient (3%). Non-hematological toxicities were also mild, including neurotoxicity (3%). Biweekly paclitaxel and gemcitabine combination chemotherapy was effective and tolerated well as second-line therapy against NSCLC.Article信州医学雑誌 59(6): 411-418(2011)departmental bulletin pape

Diffuse Endobronchial Wall Spread of Metastatic Breast Cancer

We present here a case of diffuse tracheobronchial wall spread of metastatic breast cancer who was successfully treated with trastuzumab plus vinorelbine chemotherapy. The patient had a left radical mastectomy for breast cancer in March 2000 and developed persistent cough and dyspnea in November 2006. Pulmonary function test demonstrated an obstructive pattern. Chest computed tomography showed a wall thickening of trachea and right side bronchus, but radiographic findings including 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography failed to detect the locations of disease in the lung. The findings on bronchofiberscopy showed edematous tracheobronchial mucosa, but also failed to visually detect direct masses. Transbronchial biopsy specimens revealed involvement of metastatic breast cancer. The patient was treated with trastuzumab plus vinorelbine chemotherapy and the wall thickening of bronchial tree and clinical symptoms were improved. Although endobronchial metastasis in metastatic breast cancer is not uncommon, diffuse spread without forming intraluminal mass is extremely rare. The pattern of endobronchial metastasis should be considered in patients with malignancies even when radiographic abnormalities are undetectable

ICONE 17 -75179 Heat Transfer Experiments of Mini-Tube Bank

ABSTRACT Heat transfer and flow behavior in the mini rod bank were examined. The tubes are simulated with a 1 mm diameter nickel wire. The tube bank was composed of the 5×5 square-lattice array and the 5×5 staggered array. The tube banks were arranged in the flow channel of 30 mm wide or 15 mm wide, 15 mm high and 480 mm long. Water was used as the test fluid. A flow rate was varied in the range of the Reynolds number Re = uD/ν of 1 ~ 800, where D is the tube diameter. The approaching velocity of fluid in the channel was in the range of 0.0036 m/s ~ 0.68 m/s. Experiments were performed at atmospheric pressure. The measured heat transfer coefficients of the rows after the second row were lower than those of the first row and the difference between those increased as the Reynolds number was increased. The difference turned to decrease around Reynolds number = 50 in the 15 mm wide test section experiments of the square -lattice array and around Reynolds number = 200 in the 30 mm wide test section experiments of the staggered array. The heat transfer coefficients reached back to the first row value around Re = 400 in the former experiments. It was confirmed through the present results and the previous results that the heat transfer in the rear rows is deteriorated by the flow stagnation in the wake region of the preceding rod and the deterioration is recovered as the Reynolds number is increased since the wake region becomes disturbed