Chromobox 2 Expression Predicts Prognosis after Curative Resection of Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background/Aim: To investigate the function of chromobox 2 (CBX2) in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: We used real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohisto - chemistry to determine CBX2 expression levels in 13 human OSCC cell lines and clinical specimens of two independent cohorts of patients with OSCC. Results: PCR array analysis revealed that CBX2 was co-ordinately expressed with WNT5B in OSCC cell lines. RT-qPCR analysis of clinical samples revealed a high tumour-specific CBX2 expression compared with normal oesophageal tissues. High CBX2 expression was significantly associated with shorter disease-specific survival, hematogenous recurrence, and overall recurrence. Analysis of tissue microarrays of one cohort revealed that patients with higher CBX2 levels tended to have a shorter disease-specific survival. Conclusion: CBX2 overexpression in OSCC tissues may serve as a novel biomarker for predicting survival and hematogenous recurrence

Conceptual Design of Rapid Circular Particle Accelerator Using High-Gradient Resonant Cavities with Fixed Frequency

A new high-energy particle accelerator with static combined type of magnetic field and high-gradient resonant cavities is introduced for muon acceleration up to 300 MeV and proton acceleration up to 400 MeV. The accelerator concept is expected to realize Mpps-class rapid cycling high-energy particle acceleration in circular particle accelerators. Conceptual designs of the circular accelerator are discussed with an emphasis on short lifetime particles. The fundamental concept of particle acceleration and the related practical issues, which should be discussed when designing the accelerators, are described as well