Thirring Model as a Gauge Theory

We reformulate the Thirring model in $D$ $(2 \le D < 4)$ dimensions as a gauge theory by introducing $U(1)$ hidden local symmetry (HLS) and study the dynamical mass generation of the fermion through the Schwinger-Dyson (SD) equation. By virtue of such a gauge symmetry we can greatly simplify the analysis of the SD equation by taking the most appropriate gauge (``nonlocal gauge'') for the HLS. In the case of even-number of (2-component) fermions, we find the dynamical fermion mass generation as the second order phase transition at certain fermion number, which breaks the chiral symmetry but preserves the parity in (2+1) dimensions ($D=3$). In the infinite four-fermion coupling (massless gauge boson) limit in (2+1) dimensions, the result coincides with that of the (2+1)-dimensional QED, with the critical number of the 4-component fermion being $N_{\rm cr} = \frac{128}{3\pi^{2}}$. As to the case of odd-number (2-component) fermion in (2+1) dimensions, the regularization ambiguity on the induced Chern-Simons term may be resolved by specifying the regularization so as to preserve the HLS. Our method also applies to the (1+1) dimensions, the result being consistent with the exact solution. The bosonization mechanism in (1+1) dimensional Thirring model is also reproduced in the context of dual-transformed theory for the HLS.Comment: 33 page

Application of nanoparticles-assembled bi-porous structures to power electronics cooling

Nanoparticles-assembled bi-porous structure is newly proposed and its potential to enhance the boiling heat transfer is evaluated in order to develop a new cooling device toward 300W/cm2 of on-vehicle inverter cooling. In order to assemble nanoparticles on to a heat transfer surface as a thin layer, a boiling adhesion method (BAM) is originally introduced in which, water or water/ethanol solution with mono-dispersed nanoparticles is dropped or sprayed onto a high temperature surface, and then the nanoparticles deposit onto the heat transfer surface during the boiling. In addition to that, it is expected that boiling bubbles can produce micro or milli scale of pores at the same time. In order to evaluate the applicability of the nanoparticles-assembled bi-porous structures, droplet behavior on a high temperature surface is visualized with a high speed camera The experimental results show that the boiling adhesion method can produce multi-scale pore structures composed of nano-scale pores and micro-scale pores and that the water droplet intensely boils and evaporates on a high temperature of a wall with nanoparticles-assembled bi-porous layer even under Leidenfrost conditions, which proves that the nanoparticles-assembled bi-porous structure enables the increase in both the critical heat flux and the boiling heat transfer in a nucleate boiling regim

De-tert-butylation of poly(N-tert-butyl-N-n-propylacrylamide) : Stereochemical analysis at the triad level

The stereochemical analysis of polymers derived from N,N-disubstituted acrylamides is usually difficult. The diad tacticity can be determined from the 1H NMR signals of the main-chain methylene groups. However, the splitting because of the configurational sequences is poor, even in 13C NMR, which does not allow determination of the tacticity at the triad level. In contrast, the stereochemical analysis of polymers derived from N-monosubstituted acrylamides is easily conducted and the triad tacticity can be determined from the 13C signals of the main-chain methine groups. Thus, stereochemical analysis of N,N-disubstituted polymers should be able to be conducted if the polymers are transformed into N-monosubstituted polymers with retention of the configurational sequence. Poly(N-tert-butyl-N-n-propylacrylamide) [poly(TBNPAAm)] was radically prepared, and de-tert-butylation was conducted by treatment with Sc(OTf)3 in a mixed solvent of CH3CN and 1,4-dioxane at 50, 80, and 110 °C. 1H NMR analysis of the resulting polymers indicated quantitative conversion after 72 h, regardless of the temperature. 13C NMR analysis of the transformed polymers confirmed that the configurational sequences were retained during the reaction. Thus, the triad stereochemical analysis of N,N-disubstituted polymers was successfully conducted by de-tert-butylation as a polymer reaction, followed by 13C NMR analysis of the transformed polymers

Effects of Pilates Exercise on Age-Related Kyphosis

This report describes a case in which Pilates exercise was used successfully to treat age-related kyphosis. The patient was a 72-year-old woman who presented to us complaining of abnormal posture and being unable to stand for more than 3 min without using a walker or cane. A standing lateral plain radiograph showed kyphotic deformity of the thoracic spine and a C7 sagittal vertical axis to be 185 mm. We recommended thoracic to iliac spinal correction and fusion surgery. However, the patient opted for conservative treatment, so was referred for rehabilitation. Her kyphosis was flexible, with a decrease in the thoracic kyphosis angle from about 50 degrees in the standing position to about 10 degrees in the lying position. The basic concept when using Pilates exercise for rehabilitation in patients with kyphosis is stretching of the ventral aspect of the body and strengthening exercises for the dorsal aspect of the spine. After 4 weeks of rehabilitation, the patient’s posture became more upright and she could stand without support for more than 10 min. Even though we have had only one such case, our experience is that Pilates exercise can be a useful rehabilitation tool for patients with age-related kyphosis

審査論文 コスモポリタン・デモクラシー論の現状と課題 : 「移行理論」と国家の民主化の扱いに注目して

本稿では、コスモポリタン・デモクラシー論の現状について、ヘルドの議論を中心にまとめつつ、その課題を考察する。特に、その「移行理論」の欠如、新興国や途上国の視点の欠如、国家の民主化の位置づけの弱さについて指摘する

国際援助における「政治性」の問題―国際NGOのジレンマを中心に

　本稿では、政治的分野への支援の「政治性」の変化を中心に、広く国際援助の「政治性」の態様や背景を考察する。また本稿では、国際NGOが援助で直面する政治性に注目する。まず援助の「政治性」の概念について検討する。続いて、国際援助の「政治性」の変遷を考察する。最近の変化の背景には、現地政府の権威主義化や中国など西側先進国に代わる国際ドナーの出現といった国際政治全体の構造的変化がある。人権や民主化などの政治的分野への支援で国際NGOが直面しているジレンマも取り上げる

日本の「民主化外交」 : 1990年代以降の日本の民主化支援活動

民主化支援が国際的関心を集める中で、日本による民主化支援活動に関する研究は乏しい。そこで本稿では、民主化支援の国際的な動向を踏まえながら、日本の民主化への関与を分析し、その特徴の一端を明らかにする。日本の民主化支援の歴史を概観すると、日本は優先順位は高くないもののODA 大綱などを通じて民主化への支援のコミットを明確にしつつ、民主化の基盤を作る経済社会協力と対話を通じたアプローチを民主化支援の方針としてきたことがわかる。次に、日本の実際の民主化支援活動について具体的に検証する。広い意味での民主化支援活動は、大きく、民主化に関する国際規範の形成、民主化の「促進」、民主化の「擁護」より構成される。日本の個々の活動を検証すると、上記の特徴がやはり現れている。その上で、民主化支援活動の制度の明確化と他の利益とのバランス、市民社会との協力が今後の課題である。There has been little literature on Japan's democratization activities although democratization support is recently attracting much international attention. This article examines Japan's involvement in democratization abroad in the international trend of democratization support, and attempts to show its characteristics. This article briefly looks at the history of Japan's democratization support, and then examines its actual activities of democratization support, focusing on three activities : helping foster democratic norms, promoting democratization, and defending democratization. It makes it clear that Japan has shown its strong commitment to support for democratization abroad although its priority in Japan's diplomacy is still low, and that its approach to democratization support has been based on dialogue and economic and social cooperation to establish a foundation for democratization. Japan needs to institutionalize democratization support more clearly, keep balance between democratization abroad and other national interests, and seek more cooperation with civil society in Japan