483 research outputs found
Cancellation of energy-divergences and renormalizability in Coulomb gauge QCD within the Lagrangian formalism
In Coulomb gauge QCD in the Lagrangian formalism, energy divergences arise in
individual diagrams. We give a proof on cancellation of these divergences to
all orders of perturbation theory without obstructing the algebraic
renormalizability of the theory.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure
Conservation Laws in Cellular Automata
If X is a discrete abelian group and B a finite set, then a cellular
automaton (CA) is a continuous map F:B^X-->B^X that commutes with all X-shifts.
If g is a real-valued function on B, then, for any b in B^X, we define G(b) to
be the sum over all x in X of g(b_x) (if finite). We say g is `conserved' by F
if G is constant under the action of F. We characterize such `conservation
laws' in several ways, deriving both theoretical consequences and practical
tests, and provide a method for constructing all one-dimensional CA exhibiting
a given conservation law.Comment: 19 pages, LaTeX 2E with one (1) Encapsulated PostScript figure. To
appear in Nonlinearity. (v2) minor changes/corrections; new references added
to bibliograph
Effect of interleukins response to ECM-induced acquisition of drug resistance in MCF-7 cells
Aim: To examine the effect of various components of extracellular matrix (ECM) on acquisition of drug resistance to taxol and camptothecin by breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. Methods: Cancer cells were cultured on bovine serum albumin (BSA), vitronectin (VN), fibronectin (FN), collagen type I (COL-I), or Matrigel-coated plates with or without taxol (paclitaxel) or camptothecin treatment. The effect of anticancer drugs on cell growth was accessed by XTT assay, and the alterations of cellular morphology were examined by phase contrast microscopy. Immunofluorescence study was performed using monoclonal anti-b-tubulin antibody. Results: All cell lines showed a significant decrease in cell survival when treated with anticancer drugs without components of ECM, whereas survival rates of Caco-2, MCF-7 and NCI-H292 were significantly increased when cells were cultured on COL-I- and Matrigel-coated dishes after treatment with paclitaxel or camptothecin. MCF-7 cells showed and maintained a colony formation when cultured on the COL-I- and Matrigel-coated dish. Moreover, cytotoxicity (IC50) was decreased by taxol (paclitaxel) or camptothecin treatment during colony formation in MCF-7 cells, suggesting that morphological changes could increase survival of cells treated with anticancer drugs. Thick circumferential bundles of microtubules around the periphery of the cells and chromatin condensation was not observed for MCF-7 cells on COL-I- and Matrigel-coated dishes treated with paclitaxel. To confirm this, spheroid cells were prepared, and we found that cytotoxicity was decreased for these cells, and significantly increased when cells were co-cultured on Matrigel- or COL-I-coated upper wells. The effect of anticancer drugs on cell survival was efficiently inhibited by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Conclusions: Present results suggested that not only integrin-ECM interactions but also other factors such as IL-6 and IL-8 secreted by cancer cells, cultured on COL-I and Matrigel dishes, are involved in the acquisition of drug resistance by MCF-7.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ° (ECM) Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ MCF-7. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ°Ρ
,
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ
Π±ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (BSA), Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (VN), ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (FN), ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ I ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° (COL-I)
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ, Π±Π΅Π· ΠΈ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ»Π° (ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π») ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°
ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ XTT-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅.
ΠΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Ξ²-ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ECM, Π² ΡΠΎ
Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Caco-2, MCF-7 ΠΈ NCI-H292 Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ
COL-I ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ MCF-7 ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Ρ COL-I ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ (IC50) ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ MCF-7 Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ MCF-7, Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Ρ COL-I ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ, Π½Π΅
ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ COL-I Π² Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
. Π‘Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ-6
(IL-6) ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ-8 (IL-8). ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ: Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΠ½-ECM-Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ,
Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ IL-6 ΠΈ IL-8, ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Ρ COL-I ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ,
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ MCF-7
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