483 research outputs found

    Cancellation of energy-divergences and renormalizability in Coulomb gauge QCD within the Lagrangian formalism

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    In Coulomb gauge QCD in the Lagrangian formalism, energy divergences arise in individual diagrams. We give a proof on cancellation of these divergences to all orders of perturbation theory without obstructing the algebraic renormalizability of the theory.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure

    Conservation Laws in Cellular Automata

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    If X is a discrete abelian group and B a finite set, then a cellular automaton (CA) is a continuous map F:B^X-->B^X that commutes with all X-shifts. If g is a real-valued function on B, then, for any b in B^X, we define G(b) to be the sum over all x in X of g(b_x) (if finite). We say g is `conserved' by F if G is constant under the action of F. We characterize such `conservation laws' in several ways, deriving both theoretical consequences and practical tests, and provide a method for constructing all one-dimensional CA exhibiting a given conservation law.Comment: 19 pages, LaTeX 2E with one (1) Encapsulated PostScript figure. To appear in Nonlinearity. (v2) minor changes/corrections; new references added to bibliograph

    Effect of interleukins response to ECM-induced acquisition of drug resistance in MCF-7 cells

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    Aim: To examine the effect of various components of extracellular matrix (ECM) on acquisition of drug resistance to taxol and camptothecin by breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. Methods: Cancer cells were cultured on bovine serum albumin (BSA), vitronectin (VN), fibronectin (FN), collagen type I (COL-I), or Matrigel-coated plates with or without taxol (paclitaxel) or camptothecin treatment. The effect of anticancer drugs on cell growth was accessed by XTT assay, and the alterations of cellular morphology were examined by phase contrast microscopy. Immunofluorescence study was performed using monoclonal anti-b-tubulin antibody. Results: All cell lines showed a significant decrease in cell survival when treated with anticancer drugs without components of ECM, whereas survival rates of Caco-2, MCF-7 and NCI-H292 were significantly increased when cells were cultured on COL-I- and Matrigel-coated dishes after treatment with paclitaxel or camptothecin. MCF-7 cells showed and maintained a colony formation when cultured on the COL-I- and Matrigel-coated dish. Moreover, cytotoxicity (IC50) was decreased by taxol (paclitaxel) or camptothecin treatment during colony formation in MCF-7 cells, suggesting that morphological changes could increase survival of cells treated with anticancer drugs. Thick circumferential bundles of microtubules around the periphery of the cells and chromatin condensation was not observed for MCF-7 cells on COL-I- and Matrigel-coated dishes treated with paclitaxel. To confirm this, spheroid cells were prepared, and we found that cytotoxicity was decreased for these cells, and significantly increased when cells were co-cultured on Matrigel- or COL-I-coated upper wells. The effect of anticancer drugs on cell survival was efficiently inhibited by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Conclusions: Present results suggested that not only integrin-ECM interactions but also other factors such as IL-6 and IL-8 secreted by cancer cells, cultured on COL-I and Matrigel dishes, are involved in the acquisition of drug resistance by MCF-7.ЦСль: ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ влияниС Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ матрикса (ECM) Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ химиорСзистСнтности ΠΊ таксолу ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ‹ MCF-7. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹: ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ…, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Ρ‹Ρ‡ΡŒΠΈΠΌ сывороточным Π°Π»ΡŒΠ±ΡƒΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (BSA), Π²ΠΈΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (VN), Ρ„ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (FN), ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ I Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ° (COL-I) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ³Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ, Π±Π΅Π· ΠΈ с Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ таксола (паклитаксСл) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ½Π°. ВлияниС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° рост ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ XTT-тСста, измСнСния ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ контрастном микроскопС. Π˜ΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎΡ„Π»ΡƒΠΎΡ€Π΅ΡΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ опрСдСляли ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡŽ Ξ²-Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹: для всСх ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ сущСствСнноС сниТСниС выТиваСмости послС ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ с ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ECM, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎ врСмя ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ выТиваСмости ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ Caco-2, MCF-7 ΠΈ NCI-H292 Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ возрос ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ с таксолом ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π² Ρ‡Π°ΡˆΠΊΠ°Ρ…, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ… COL-I ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ³Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ. Для ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ MCF-7 ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ сохранСниС ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² Ρ‡Π°ΡˆΠΊΠ°Ρ… с COL-I ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ³Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ. Π‘ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ (IC50) таксола ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ врСмя колониСобразования ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ MCF-7 Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° сниТСна, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ позволяСт ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ морфологичСскиС измСнСния ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° Π²Ρ‹ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ с Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ. Для ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ MCF-7, Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Π½Π° Ρ‡Π°ΡˆΠΊΠ°Ρ… с COL-I ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ³Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ, Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ образования ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… пСрифСричСских ΡƒΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ ΠΈ кондСнсации Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Π°. Для подтвСрТдСния Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ наблюдСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Ρ‹ с ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, растущими Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ сфСроидов. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊ этим ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ сниТалась ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎ-ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ с ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ³Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ COL-I Π² Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ…. Π‘Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ выТиваСмости ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ дСйствиСм Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² эффСктивно ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ-6 (IL-6) ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ-8 (IL-8). Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹: настоящиС исслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠ½-ECM-взаимодСйствия, Π½ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ IL-6 ΠΈ IL-8, сСкрСтируСмыС ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ‡Π°ΡˆΠΊΠ°Ρ… с COL-I ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ³Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ, ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ химиорСзистСнтности ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ MCF-7
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