The temperature limits for tenacity and upper lethal limits correlated with environmental temperatures of the four subtidal limpet species.

<p>Pearson’s correlation co-efficient (R²) and significance (p). Significant correlations in bold.</p

Temperature limits for survival (functional mortality) of A) Antarctic (intertidal <i>N. concinna</i>; upper limit from Morley et al, 2009) B) New Zealand (<i>C. ornata</i>), C) Melbourne (<i>C. tramoserica</i>) and D) Singapore (<i>C. radiata</i>) Nacellid limpets (Mean ±95%CI).

<p>Temperature limits for survival (functional mortality) of A) Antarctic (intertidal <i>N. concinna</i>; upper limit from Morley et al, 2009) B) New Zealand (<i>C. ornata</i>), C) Melbourne (<i>C. tramoserica</i>) and D) Singapore (<i>C. radiata</i>) Nacellid limpets (Mean ±95%CI).</p

Thermal reaction norm of duration tenacity in Nacellid limpets.

<p>Fitted curves are shown. A) Antarctic (<i>N. concinna</i>), B) New Zealand (<i>C. ornata</i>), C) Melbourne (<i>C. tramoserica</i>) and D) Singapore (<i>C. radiata</i>). (Mean ±95%CI). Linear regressions are shown with break points calculated using the R-package strucchange (Zeileis et al., 2002).</p

Summary of environmental data and thermal sensitivity of limpets from Rothera (<i>Nacella concinna</i>), Dunedin New Zealand (<i>Cellana ornata</i>), Melbourne Australia (<i>C. tramoserica</i>) and Singapore (<i>C. radiata</i>).

<p>Warming tolerance, WT = CT_max-T_hab, where T_hab is the mean maximum daily logger temperature or mean maximum surface seawater temperature. Thermal safety margin, TSM = T_opt-T_hab, where T_hab is the same as for WT (after Deutsch et al., 2008). T_opt, the temperature of maximum tenacity and CT_max, the upper temperature at which tenacity had dropped to 50%, were taken from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0052818#pone-0052818-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p>†<p>Indicates that the lower limit for functional mortality (LTL) was below the freezing point of seawater.</p