Estimating Time to ESRD in Children With CKD

Rationale & Objective: The KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) guideline for chronic kidney disease (CKD) presented an international classification system that ranks patients\u2019 risk for CKD progression. Few data for children informed guideline development. Study Design: Observational cohort study. Settings & Participants: Children aged 1 to 18 years enrolled in the North American Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) cohort study and the European Effect of Strict Blood Pressure Control and ACE Inhibition on the Progression of CRF in Pediatric Patients (ESCAPE) trial. Predictor: Level of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and proteinuria (urine protein-creatinine ratio [UPCR]) at study entry. Outcome: A composite event of renal replacement therapy, 50% reduction in eGFR, or eGFR 2.0 mg/mg at study entry. 6 ordered stages with varying combinations of eGFR categories (60-89, 45-59, 30-44, and 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2) and UPCR categories (2.0 mg/mg) described the risk continuum. Median times to event ranged from longer than 10 years for eGFRs of 45 to 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 and UPCRs 2 mg/mg. Children with glomerular disease were estimated to have a 43% shorter time to event than children with nonglomerular disease. Cross-validation demonstrated risk patterns that were consistent across the 10 subsample validation models. Limitations: Observational study, used cross-validation rather than external validation. Conclusions: CKD staged by level of eGFR and proteinuria characterizes the timeline of progression and can guide management strategies in children