Improvement of Etalon-fringe Immunity in Diode-laser Derivative Spectroscopy

In a sensitive spectrometry with lead-salt diode lasers, etalon-fringe phenomena often intervene in the measured absorption spectrum. Derivative methods are employed for the purpose of high resolution where the pertaining wavelength is modulated. This paper presents results of mathematical examination on a possible improvement of immunity from the etalon-fringes by choosing the profile of the wavelength modulation

Fast Spectrometry System with Using Tunable Laser Diode

Basic prohlems are discussed about a local, realtime and very sensitive air-pollution monitoring using a laser diode. The method employs the second derivative spectrometry replacing the incoherent light source and mechanical choppers in a traditional method with the laser diode and a newly developed electronic system. Etalon fringes at this system becomes the dominant noise source and its statistic and dynamical features are to be understood. Numerical examination was done for the optimal width of optical frequency modulation. A very fast measurement of weak absorption spectra became possible by the development of lock-in-amplifiers with finite integration time instead of a low-pass filter. Spectra of methane in 7.6 μm region and a time-dependent spectrum of the etaIon fringe are shown

Quasi-random Scanning of a Digitally Controlled Spectrometry

A quasi-random method for spectral scanning is proposed to reduce an alias response to a quick change in the source abundance. A direct application is made for an atmospheric methane monitoring with a current-tunable diode laser. Only barrel shift methods are examined being found further vulnerable to drifting etalon fringes

Optical Circuit for Waveform-synthesis with Utilizing both GaAs- and Si-Optoelectronic Switches

This paper presents an optical-waveform synthesizer as one of the applications of optical bistable devices. This device is advantageous in terms of faster operation in which width of each pulse obtained is down to the order of subnanosecond, because this device employs both GaAs- and Si-optoelectronic switches as photodetector. Optical pulse shaping as a preliminary experiment is also described

A High-powered Optoelectronic Switch with Picosecond Risetime

A switch element has been developed so that a kilovolt step voltage should be supplied to a 50Ω transmission line with a subnanosecond rise time. The element is of silicon substrate with high purity and a pair of electrodes is attached by the evaporation process. The switch action is performed by the photoconductivity produced by the laser light pulse. This paper deals with a preliminary analysis, manufacturing processes and experimental results of the optoelectronic switch. A performance of 320V output with less than 4 ns risetime was obtained with sufficient persistence for more than 2×10(5) pulse shots. This switch was successfully applied to an optical waveform monitor for laser light pulses giving a resolution less than 2 ns

Accuracy and Etalon Fringe Phenomena in Methane-gas Spectrometry Employing Tunable Diode Lasers

A method to monitor atmospheric gas concentration employing a tunable diode laser is proposed. An apparatus was built and experiments were made. The tunable diode laser employed was of'PbSnTe with its wavenumber about 1200 cm(-1) at a temperature of 77 K. Methane concentration in laboratory atmosphere was measured on the experiments. The inquired gas-density is obtained by a hardwired microcomputer incorporating the measured absorption spectrum over a prescribed range instead of an absorption at a single wavenumber. By this, drift type noises are suppressed. After an analysis based on experimental data, an attainable sensitivity for methane was found to be 1 ppb.m. This value may increase if an etalon fringe interference exists. The natural concentration, about 1 ppm, of atmospheric methane was actually measured with a short optical path of only one meter

Absorption Spectrum Measurement for Atmospheric Level Nitric Monoxide in γ-0 Band and Its Density Deduction

An absorption spectrum of γ-0 band of nitric monoxide of very dilute density was taken. An experimental electronic device showed a distinguishing power of 0.01 ppm through 10 m optical pathlength. By the aid of a data processing based on a principle developed by the authors, this sensitivity does not suffer from coexisting sulfur dioxide, which shares the absorption band with the nitric monoxide

A Notion of Adjoint Spectrum in the Application to Air-pollution Monitoring

This report deals with a notion of adjoint spectrum which is applicable to air-pollution monitoring by using pulsed lasers. Both Raman and absorption spectra of multiple gas complex are linear combinations of the spectra, each of which is specific to a gas species and its magnitude is proportional to the density. An extended formulation of the method of least squares is made in terms of a new notion, adjoint spectra, which visualizes the structure of the numerical filter. Applications of the derived numerical filters to the two methods are shown and features are described about the synthesized filters

A Performance Analysis For An Air-Pollution Monitoring Using A Pulsed Dye Laser

The maximally attainable accuracy of an airpollution monitoring system is investigated. The system is composed of a tunable pulsed dye laser as the light source, photodiodes as the opto-electric converter and a low noise electronic signal processor specifically designed by the authors. The extreme value of the accuracy is given in terms of the standard deviation of the attenuation. The value is 3.4×10(-4)[Nep√(pulse number)] for an averaged value for multiple laser shots. Also the wavelength reproduceability of a dye laser was examined, which resulted in that a computer should take a part in the wavelength control in order that this method should be feasible

歯科衛生学生の社会人基礎力に対する臨床実習の効果 ならびに自己評価・他者評価に関する分析

大阪歯科大学Osaka Dental University博士（口腔科学）先行研究において，臨床実習前後の歯科衛生学生の社会人基礎力は，3つの能力とも臨床実習後には上昇することを示唆する報告を行った．本研究では，経年的調査と並行して，自己評価の信憑性を検討するために，他者評価を取り入れて検討した．方法は，先行研究と同様の質問紙を用いて，歯科衛生士養成校3校（4年制大学，短期大学，専門学校）の臨床実習を履修する歯科衛生学生を対象に，質問紙調査を行った．うち1校の5か年分の実習前，実習中，実習後をより詳細に検討し，1か年分は，専任教員6名が自己評価と同様の手法で他者評価を行い，自己評価と他者評価の相違を検討した．その結果，いずれの歯科衛生士養成校においても，社会人基礎力の3つの能力は，実習前より実習後に有意に上昇した．3つの能力の中でも前に踏み出す力の平均値が，顕著な上昇を示した．12の能力要素について，実習前後での上昇率をスコア化して検討したところ，3校とも顕著に上昇する能力要素（働きかけ力，ストレスコントロール力，主体性）が，同じ傾向にあった．5か年分の検討では，実習前-実習中に有意な差を示す能力要素と，実習中-実習後に有意な差を示す能力要素があった．自己評価と他者評価の検討では，実習前はチームで働く力のみ，実習中と実習後は全ての能力に有意な差が認められた． 臨床実習は社会人基礎力の有機的かつ多面的な育成に有効である可能性が示唆された．doctoral thesi