7 research outputs found
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The integration of lipid-sensing and anti-inflammatory effects: how the PPARs play a role in metabolic balance
The peroxisomal proliferating-activated receptors (PPARs) are lipid-sensing transcription factors that have a role in embryonic development, but are primarily known for modulating energy metabolism, lipid storage, and transport, as well as inflammation and wound healing. Currently, there is no consensus as to the overall combined function of PPARs and why they evolved. We hypothesize that the PPARs had to evolve to integrate lipid storage and burning with the ability to reduce oxidative stress, as energy storage is essential for survival and resistance to injury/infection, but the latter increases oxidative stress and may reduce median survival (functional longevity). In a sense, PPARs may be an evolutionary solution to something we call the 'hypoxia-lipid' conundrum, where the ability to store and burn fat is essential for survival, but is a 'double-edged sword', as fats are potentially highly toxic. Ways in which PPARs may reduce oxidative stress involve modulation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) expression (thus reducing reactive oxygen species, ROS), optimising forkhead box class O factor (FOXO) activity (by improving whole body insulin sensitivity) and suppressing NFkB (at the transcriptional level). In light of this, we therefore postulate that inflammation-induced PPAR downregulation engenders many of the signs and symptoms of the metabolic syndrome, which shares many features with the acute phase response (APR) and is the opposite of the phenotype associated with calorie restriction and high FOXO activity. In genetically susceptible individuals (displaying the naturally mildly insulin resistant 'thrifty genotype'), suboptimal PPAR activity may follow an exaggerated but natural adipose tissue-related inflammatory signal induced by excessive calories and reduced physical activity, which normally couples energy storage with the ability to mount an immune response. This is further worsened when pancreatic decompensation occurs, resulting in gluco-oxidative stress and lipotoxicity, increased inflammatory insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Reactivating PPARs may restore a metabolic balance and help to adapt the phenotype to a modern lifestyle
Avaliação de genótipos de cana-de-açúcar para início de safra na microrregião Centro de Pernambuco
As diferentes respostas dos genótipos de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.), em relação à produtividade, quando submetidos a mudanças nos diferentes ciclos de colheita, representam problema para os agricultores e grande desafio para os melhoristas, sendo de interesse comum a identificação e obtenção de variedades que apresentem como características alta produtividade agroindustrial, ampla estabilidade, longevidade e excelente viabilidade econômica em sua exploração comercial. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o desempenho agroindustrial de 11 clones e 15 variedades de cana-de-açúcar, na microrregião canavieira da Zona Centro de Pernambuco, considerando-se os cultivos de cana planta, soca e ressoca, e eleger os genótipos mais produtivos. O experimento foi conduzido na área agrícola da Usina Petribú, município de Lagoa de Itaenga. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as variáveis toneladas de pol por hectare (TPH), toneladas de cana por hectare (TCH), fibra (FIB), pol % corrigida (PCC), pureza (PZA), teor de sólidos solúveis (BRIX) e açúcar total recuperável (ATR). Pela análise de variância, foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre os genótipos, indicando variabilidade genética. A alta estimativa da herdabilidade média para a variável TCH indicou elevada possibilidade de êxito na seleção, baseando-se neste importante componente de produção. Por meio da análise econômica, constata-se que as variedades RB92579 e RB93509 apresentam melhor desempenho para colheita no início da safra