955 research outputs found

    The Intelligibility of the Onset Cluster [pl] and the Coda Cluster [ƞz] in Arabic-Accented English

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    This paper analyzes two specific instances of English consonant-cluster production among native Arabic speakers of English. We analyze the onset cluster /pl/ and the coda cluster /Ƌz/. These clusters are of interest because the first segment in each cluster does not exist in Arabic but the second is shared by both Arabic and English. Five Arabic-speaking subjects were selected based on a number of shared features, including a shared city of origin, beginning their acquisition of English after the critical period, and having spent no more than one year in an English-speaking environment at the time of the recordings. The findings give us the opportunity to assess the participants’ pronunciations of these clusters in light of the two syllable phonotactic constraints: Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP) and the Minimal Sonority Distance Parameter (MSDP). Other issues investigated have to do with the segmental transfer hierarchy and ranking

    Structure, Coûts Des Transactions Et Integration Spatiale Des Marches Des Produits Alimentaires Au Togo

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    Le prĂ©sent travail Ă©value d'une part la structure des coĂ»ts de transaction des principaux produits commercialisĂ©s au Togo (maĂŻs, sorgho, oignon, gari, tomate, poisson, volaille et gros bĂ©tail), et d'autre part le niveau de l'intĂ©gration du marchĂ© de maĂŻs qui est devenu le produit dominant dans le systĂšme de production, de consommation et de commercialisation au Togo. L'analyse des coĂ»ts de transaction rĂ©alisĂ©e Ă  partir des donnĂ©es primaires a dĂ©bouchĂ© sur le constat global que les coĂ»ts de transport reprĂ©sentent le facteur le plus dĂ©terminant dans les coĂ»ts de transaction. L'analyse de l'intĂ©gration du marchĂ© de maĂŻs rĂ©alisĂ©e au moyen de la technique de co-intĂ©gration et du modĂšle de Ravallion appliquĂ©s sur des sĂ©ries de prix a permis de dresser trois constats: 1) il existe un Ă©quilibre de long terme stable entre les marchĂ©s de LomĂ© et les autres marchĂ©s; 2)LomĂ© joue le rĂŽle de marchĂ© de rĂ©fĂ©rence dans le rĂ©seau; 3)un retard dans la transmission des changements des prix. Il importe, pour garantir la sĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire au Togo d'entreprendre les actions visant:1)Ă  rĂ©duire le coĂ»t du service transport des produits alimentaires en milieu rural; 2)Ă  amĂ©liorer la disponibilitĂ© et l'accessibilitĂ© de l'information pour l'ensemble des acteurs du marchĂ© cĂ©rĂ©alier (producteurs, consommateurs et commerçants). La mise en Ɠuvre de ces politiques permettra alors d'amĂ©liorer la sĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire Ă  travers une meilleure disponibilitĂ© et accessibilitĂ© des produits alimentaires aux consommateurs.marche, couts transaction, integration, co-integration, securite alimentaire, Agricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Industrial Organization, International Relations/Trade, Labor and Human Capital, Land Economics/Use, Production Economics, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

    Mechanical properties and drop-weight impact performance of injection-molded HDPE/birch fiber composites

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    Natural-fiber-reinforced composites offer various advantages over synthetic composites, including low density, useful mechanical properties and environmental friendliness. In spite of the progress achieved in the field, the mechanical performance of these composite materials has yet to be fully characterized, particularly in terms of impact resistance. In this study, we measured the drop weight impact, Izod impact strength, hardness, tensile strength and elastic modulus of birch-fiber-reinforced HDPE obtained by injection molding. Drop weight impact energy absorbed was constant and independent of fiber content whereas impact strength was inversely proportional to fiber content. Material toughness decreased slightly at 40% fiber. The Shore D hardness of virgin HDPE increased from 50.6 at 0% fiber to 74.6 at 30% fiber. The improvement of the elastic modulus of a composite containing 40% fiber was 27.2% superior to that reported for similar material made by compression molding. The corresponding improvement in tensile strength was superior by 19.7%. Birch-fiber-reinforced HDPE could be an adequate alternative to technical polymers widely used in several industrial sectors. © 2020 The Author

    Investigation of rodent reservoirs of emerging pathogens in CĂŽte d'Ivoire, West Africa

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    Background: One of the main health problems in West Africa remains upsurge of emerging pathogens. Ebola virus disease outbreak occurred in 2014 in Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone, Monkeypox virus in Nigeria in 2017 and most recently Lassa virus in Nigeria, Togo and Benin in 2018.  These pathogens have animal reservoirs as vectors for transmission. Proper investigation of the pathogens in their rodent vectors could help  reduce and manage their emergence and spread. Methodology: This study was conducted with an approval from the CĂŽte d’Ivoire Bioethics Community. Small mammal trappings were carried out in  9 sites within three zones namely, peri-urban, peri-rural and protected areas. Liver, lung and kidney tissues from trapped small mammals were  sampled in accordance with the recommended conditions of biosafety and bioethics. The organs were transported in liquid nitrogen to the  laboratory. Molecular tests were used to detect pathogens. Orthopoxviruses and Monkeypox virus were detected in the organs by PCR using  consensus primers targeting the virus surface membrane haemagglutinin (HA) genes, while Leptospira species were detected by PCR using primers  targeting the rrs and lfb1 genes. Results: Out of 4930 night-traps, 256 (5.19%) small mammals were trapped including Crocidura, Rattus, Lophuromys, Praomys, Mus and Mastomys.  Leptospira species were detected in 6 genera from 7 study sites and the infected small mammals accounted for 13.3%. Leptospira sp was detected  mainly in the rodent vector genera Rattus (32.3%), Lophuromys (29.0%), and Praomys (16.1%). Three species of Leptospira were detected and  Leptospira interrogans was the most common frequent species (74.2%). Monkeypox virus was not detected from studied small mammals. Conclusion: The initial data from our investigation indicates the presence of Leptospira sp in rodent vectors, Rattus, Lophuromys and Praomys,  which are the potential small mammalian reservoirs of this pathogen in Cote d’Ivoire

    Niveaux de rĂ©sidus de pesticides organochlorĂ©s dans les produits du cacao en CĂŽte d’Ivoire

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    L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est de dĂ©terminer le contenu en rĂ©sidus de quelques pesticides organochlorĂ©s du cacao masse, des tourteaux et du beurre de cacao. Pour se faire, 75 Ă©chantillons de fĂšves de cacao ont Ă©tĂ©prĂ©levĂ©s auprĂšs des planteurs et coopĂ©ratives du dĂ©partement d’Agboville et des exportateurs des ports de San Pedro et d’Abidjan. Les concentrations en 18 pesticides organochlorĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©es au chromatographe en phase gazeuse de marque Agilent Technologies 6980N munie de deux dĂ©tecteurs Ă  capture d’électrons (ÎŒECD), deux colonnes capillaires (30 m X 0,25 mm X 0,25 ÎŒm) et d’un injecteur automatique. Il ressort de cette Ă©tude que 15 des 18 pesticides recherchĂ©s sont prĂ©sents Ă  des concentrations variant de 2 ÎŒg/kg Ă  59,6 ÎŒg/kg dans les diffĂ©rents produits analysĂ©s. Les fĂšves de cacao issues du dĂ©partement d’Agboville se sont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©es plus contaminĂ©es en pesticides organochlorĂ©s (aldrine, alpha BHC, bĂȘta BHC, delta BHC, lindane, dieldrine, endosulfane I, endosulfane II, endosulfane sulfate, endrine, endrine aldĂ©hyde, endrine ketone, heptachlore, heptachlore epoxyde, 4,4'-DDD, 4,4'-DDE, 4,4'-DDTet metoxychlore), en nombre et en quantitĂ©. Il convient d’informer les diffĂ©rents acteurs du domaine d’activitĂ© sur les dangers encourus, d’éduquer les vendeurs et les planteurs et de contrĂŽler leur activitĂ© par la mise en place de bonnes pratiques agricoles et le respect des normes sur les pesticides
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