Flow diagram showing the number of patients in the study and their outcomes.

<p>* Treatment duration was not reported in one patient. This patient was excluded from the analysis on treatment duration.</p

Post-kala- azar dermal leishmaniasis grading system.

<p>Post-kala- azar dermal leishmaniasis grading system.</p

Treatment duration for patients with post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis treated by Médecins Sans Frontières in South Sudan from 2002 to 2008.

<p>Treatment duration for patients with post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis treated by Médecins Sans Frontières in South Sudan from 2002 to 2008.</p

Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics of patients with post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis treated by Médecins Sans Frontières in South Sudan from 2002 to 2008.

<p>Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics of patients with post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis treated by Médecins Sans Frontières in South Sudan from 2002 to 2008.</p

Overview of integration of visceral leishmaniasis as an AIDS-defining condition in WHO guidelines.

<p>AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; ART: antiretroviral treatment; NTD: neglected tropical diseases; VL: visceral leishmaniasis; WHO: World Health Organization.</p

Map of East Africa showing the geographic distribution of visceral leishmaniasis.

<p>Map taken from “Malaria Consortium; Leishmaniasis control in eastern Africa: Past and present efforts and future needs. Situation and gap analysis, November 2010” <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002869#pntd.0002869-Malaria1" target="_blank">[15]</a>.</p

Reports of HIV coinfection rates among VL patients in East Africa.

<p>Abbreviations: MSF, Médecins Sans Frontières; NW, northwest.</p>γ<p>: reports on primary VL;</p><p>*: reports in all VL cases.</p

Clinical studies and trials reporting treatment outcomes of HIV/VL in East Africa (1998–2013).

<p>Abbreviations: PVL, primary visceral leishmaniasis; HIV−, HIV negative; HIV+, HIV positive; NA, not available; N-Ethiopia, north Ethiopia; S-Ethiopia, south Ethiopia; NGO, nongovernmental organization; PSP, pentamidine secondary prophylaxis; SSG, sodium stibogluconate, IM, intramuscular.</p>a<p>clinically defined unless otherwise stated;</p>b<p>parasitologically confirmed;</p>c<p>median dose used;</p>d<p>subgroup of the 195 HIV+ patients treated with liposomal amphotericin B (mentioned above).</p

Treatment recommendations for VL and HIV in different guidelines used in the East Africa region.

<p>Abbreviations: WHO, World Health Organization; MSF, Médecins Sans Frontières.</p

Area under the curve for children and adolescents scoring.

<p>Area under the curve for children and adolescents scoring.</p