THE RELATION BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARD BEHAVIOR OF ANTIBIOTIC USAGE ON SOCIETY IN TALANG JAWA HEALTH CENTER OF SOUTH LAMPUNG AUGUST PERIOD 2019

In developing countries, many antibiotics are used without a doctor's prescription, causing someone to use antibiotics incorrectly. Lack of knowledge about antibiotics is a major factor that triggers an increase in the rate of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Knowledge and attitude become one of the social cognitive factors that influence antibiotic use behavior.This study aims to determine the relationship of knowladge and attitudes toward of antibiotic usage behavior in community of Talang jawa public health centre. The research is an observasional analytic research using cross sectional study design. sampling using non-probability sampling methode with type purposive sampling and instruments in the form of questionnaires. The data analysis was based univariate and bivariate analysis eqipped with chi square. The study was conducted on 100 community respondents in the Talang Jawa Health Center. The results showed respondents with good knowledge (25%), enough (27%) and less (48%). Respondents with positive attitudes (64%) and negative attitudes (35%). Respondents with positive behavior (43%) and negative behavior (57%). Chi square test result showed that there was a significant relationship between knowladge and antibiotic use behavior (p= 0,000) and there was a significant relationship between attitude and antibiotic use behavior (p= 0,000). This study has a meaningful relationship between and attitudes with antibiotic use behavior in Talang Jawa Health Center. Keywords: Antibiotics,Knowledge, Attitudes, Behavio

FRAKSI AIR DAUN UBI JALAR (Ipomea batatas (L.) Lam) SEBAGAI HEPATOPROTEKTOR TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI PARACETAMOL

Sweet potato leaves (Ipomea batatas (L) Lam ) are empirically used by people in some regions as traditional medicines to treat dengue fever and as anti-cancer because of their high antioxidant content. This study aims to see the effect of sweet potato leaf water fraction as a hepatoprotector on male white rats induced by paracetamol. Sweet potato leaves were extracted by maceration using 70% ethanol for 8 days then fractionation was carried out. The hepatoprotector test was carried out on 25 rats grouped in 5 groups treated orally for 7 days, namely negative controls given aquades, positive controls were given hepamax dose 59.06 mg / kgBB, groups I, II and III were given a fraction of sweet potato leaf water with a dose of 4.77 mg / kgBB, 9.54 mg / kgBB, and 19.08 mg / kgBB then male white rats induced by paracetamol orally at a dose of 1350mg / kgBB for 1 day. The increase in SGPT and SGOT levels was measured on day 9 using spectrophotometry then analyzed by ANOVA method. The results of SGPT analysis showed that groups I, II and III were significantly different from the negative controls (sig 0,000), and had the same effect on positive controls (sig 0.144) in suppressing SGPT level increases while in the analysis results the SGOT group III levels were significantly different from controls negative (sig 0,000) and significantly different from group I, II (sig 0.30 and 0.24), and have the same effect as positive controls (sig 0.392). The third dose (19.08 mg / kgBB) showed the best suppression increased and was not significantly different from statistically positive controls. Based on the research it was concluded that the fraction of sweet potato leaf water could be used as a hepatoprotector for male white rats induced by paracetamol. Keywords: Hepatoprotector, Paracetamol, Sweet Potato Leaves

Optimasi Zeolit Alam Lampung (ZAL) Sebagai Penstabil Sediaan Antibakteri Esktrak Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.)

Noni fruit extract has been widely known as an antibacterial, but plant extracts are easily degraded by light, pH and temperature, thus reducing the antibacterial activity, zeolite is added to maintain the stability of the noni extract. This study uses an experimental method that is by comparing the inhibition zones that occur between noni fruit extract and noni + ZAL fruit extract and to test the stability of the preparation, the sample is heated at 40oC and then tested for antibacterial activity again. The statistical test results show the value of Asymp. Sig (0.003

IDENTIFIKASI DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS (DRPs) PENGGUNAAN ANTIHIPERTENSI PASIEN HIPERTENSI DI RSU AZZAHRA KALIREJO LAMPUNG TENGAH

A person is diagnosed with hypertension if there is an increase in systolic blood 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure 90 mmHg. Treatment of hypertension aims to reduce morbidity and mortality. Hypertensive patients receiving polypharmacy pharmacological therapy are at risk of developing DRPs. The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence of Drug Related Problems (DRPs) in the use of antihypertensives in hypertensive patients at Azzahra Kalirejo General Hospital, Central Lampung in 2021. This study was non-experimental with a retrospective descriptive design, then identified using the classification of DRPs according to Robert J. Cipolle EL. Pharmaceutical Care Practice and Medscape and Drug Interaction Chacker applications to identify drug interactions, and use the Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) formula to identify patient non-compliance. Based on the results of research at Azzahra Kalirejo General Hospital, Central Lampung, of the 135 samples that met the inclusion criteria, 80% of the samples experienced DRPs. Based on gender characteristics, there were 50.37% male and 49.62% female with 0% of patients aged <25 years, age 26-45 years 30.3%, age 46-65 years 57.8% and age > 65 years 11.8%. The most widely prescribed antihypertensive drug was furosemide as much as 42.2%, the most antihypertensive combination was a combination of two drugs as much as 57%. The most use of non antihypertensive drugs is PPI and analgesics as much as 12.8%. Cases of DRPs requiring additional therapy were 1.9%, drug therapy was not necessary 7.4% cases, inappropriate drugs 4.6% cases, doses too low and high in 0% cases, drug interactions were 77.8% with major severity 11.7%, minor 34.5% cases and moderate as many as 53.7%, patient non-compliance with DRPs occurred in 51.9% cases.  Keywords:  Antihipertensive, DRPs, Furosemide, Hypertensio

PENGARUH EKSTRAK BIJI KABAU (Archidendron buballinum (Jack.) I.C.Nielsen) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GULA DARAH MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN DIABETES YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN

Biji kabau (Archidendron buballinum (Jack.) I.C.Nielsen) secara empiris dimanfaatkan masyarakat dibeberapa daerah sebagai obat tradisional antidiabetes dan diuretik herbal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh ekstrak biji kabau terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah mencit putih jantan yang diinduksi aloksan. Biji kabau diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Uji antidiabetes dilakukan terhadap mencit jantan yang diinduksi aloksan secara intravena dengan dosis 168 mg/kgBB selama 15 hari. Sebanyak 25 ekor mencit dikelompokkan menjadi 5 kelompok, kelompok I, II dan III diberi ekstrak dengan dosis 95, 190, dan 380 mg/kgBB, kelompok IV sebagai kontrol negatif diberi aquadest dan kelompok V sebagai kontrol positif diberi metformin dosis 65 mg/kgBB, kelima kelompok diberi perlakuan secara oral sebanyak 3 kali sehari selama 7 hari. Penurunan kadar gula darah diukur dan diamati pada hari ke 1 dan 15 dan hari ke 22 kemudian dianalisis dengan metode ANOVA. Hasil karakteristik simplisia terhadap kadar air 0,23%, kadar abu 2% dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 2%. Uji kualitatif fitokimia ekstrak menunjukkan adanya senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid dan saponin. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kelompok I,II dan III berbeda nyata terhadap kontrol negatif, dan berefek sama terhadap kontrol positif dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah mencit putih jantan. Dari ketiga dosis tersebut dosis 1 (95mg/kgBB) menunjukkan penurunan yang paling baik, namun dosis I,II dan III tidak berbeda nyata secara statistik terhadap metformin. Kata kunci : Kabau, Archidendron buballinum, Diabete

Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Akar Ceplukan (Physalis angulata L.) Terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Root ceplukan (Physalis angulata L.) is one of the medicinal plants that contain several active compounds that are antibacterial. This study aims to prove the antibacterial activity of root ceplukan extract againsts Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Root ceplukan was extracted by maceration with ethanol 70%. Root root extracts of phytochemical screening include flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins. The ceplukan root extract was then tested against S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa bacteria using wells method with concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, aquades as a negative control and amikacin as a positive control. Inhibitory zone diameter with each concentration for P. aeruginosa bacteria, among others, negative control = 0 mm, positive control = 21,623 mm, 100% = 16.9 mm, 80% = 15.05 mm, 60% = 13.703 mm, 40% = 12.02 mm, 20% = 12.02 mm and S. epidermidis bacteria have inhibitory zone at positive control of 21,623 mm. The results of this study showed that root extract ceplukan proved to have inhibition zone against bacteria P. aeruginosa at all concentrations but has no inhibition zone against S. epidermidis bacteria. Root ceplukan extract has a minimum inhibitory concentration of 14% and a minimum bacterisid concentration of 20%, against P. aeruginosa bacteria. The results of phytochemical analysis showed that root ceplukan positively contain flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins are suspected as antibacterial compounds. Keywords : Antibacterial, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ceplukan root extrac

Analisis Efektivitas Biaya (Cost Effectiveness Analysis) Penggunaan Antibiotik Seftriakson Dan Sefotaksim Pada Pasien Infeksi Saluran Kemih Di Rsd Dr. A. Dadi Tjokrodipo Bandar Lampung

Cost-effectiveness analysis is defined as an analysis to identify, measure and compare significant costs and their consequences of alternative interventions. Antibiotics are a group of drugs most often used to treat infectious diseases. Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime are the main options for treating UTI. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a disease with conditions where there are very large numbers of microorganisms in the urine and can cause infection in the urinary tract. This study was designed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime treatment for inpatient urinary tract infections at dr. A. Dadi Tjokrodipo. The method used is descriptive with a retrospective pharmacoeconomic analysis approach. The sampling technique was purposive sampling and sampling 92 patient. The research results show characteristics based on sex most are female as much as 55 (60%), based on age ≥56 years in 35 patients (38%), and the highest length of hospitalization was 3 days in 45 patients (49%). The most widely used profile of antibiotic drug use in patients with urinary tract infections was cefotaxime with a total of 64 patients (70%). The average cost for each type of drug therapy from ceftriaxone is 735,117 and sefotaxime is 742,178. Ceftriaxone has the highest percentage of therapeutic effectiveness at 86% compared to cefotaxime at 71%. Antibiotics that are more cost effective are ceftriaxone compared to cefotaxime with an ACER calculation of 78.455.  Keywords: Cost Effectiveness Analysis, Urinary Tract Infections, Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxim

PENETAPAN NILAI SPF (SUN PROTECTION FACTOR) SEDIAAN KRIM TABIR SURYA DI KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS

Nowadays people awareness of the healthy skin importance is increasing, this is evident by the increasing cosmetic brands and there are many beauty clinics. Cosmetic products marketed should have the same efficacy as those listed on the packaging. Therefore, determining the efficacy of sunscreen preparations is very important to see the compliance of cosmetics manufacturers. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of the SPF product efficacy. The samples are the products which have SPF 30, the sample was tested by in vitro method using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, every 5 nm with the wavelength range 290 nm - 320 nm absorbance was measured, then analyzed with the mansur equation. Also did antioxidant activity tested with vitamin C as a control positive using the DPPH method. The principle of the DPPH method is the measurement of absorbance of DPPH radicals which are degraded due to the presence of antioxidant compounds using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The decrease in DPPH absorbance intensity is proportional to the increase in the concentration of antioxidant compounds expressed in IC50 (Inhibition Concentration 50). Sample 4 has an SPF value close to the value written on the packaging. Samples 2, 5, 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 have SPF values ​​smaller than those listed on the packaging. The antioxidant activity obtained is rateable to the SPF value, sample 4 has the highest antioxidant activity followed by sample 2, sample 5, sample 1, sample 3, sample 6, and sample 7 and sample 8 have the lowest antioxidant activity.  Keywords: Antioxidant , DPPH, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, SPF, Sunscree

STUDI FARMAKOVIGILAN OBAT ANTIHIPERTENSI PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI RAWAT JALAN DI DR. A. DADI TJOKRODIPO BANDAR LAMPUNG PERIODE OKTOBER–NOVEMBER 2021

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is systolic pressure140 and diastolic pressure 80 mmHg. The more blood pressure is pumped by the heart and the narrower the arteries, the higher the blood pressure. This study aims to determine the occurrence of adverse drug reactions in hypertensive patients in RSD DR. A. Dadi Tjokrodipo Bandar Lampung. This research is a descriptive research with total sampling method. Collecting data by looking at the patient's medical record data. The results showed that the female sex was more dominant in suffering from hypertension, namely 20 female patients (62.5%) and 12 male patients (37.5%). The highest age characteristics were found in the age range of 46-55 years as many as 14 patients (43.75%). The most characteristic of hypertension was in the case of stage 2 hypertension with a total of 17 patients (53.12%). The highest pattern of drug use was amlodipine (37.5%). The incidence of drug interactions was 10 cases (31.25%) with minor severity. The highest incidence of ADR was in the "moderately probable" 1-4 with a total of 15 cases (46.87%). Keywords: ADR, hypertension, drug interactions, antihypertensive drug

EVALUASI RASIONALITAS PENGGUNAAN OBAT DIABETES MELITUS TIPE II PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI PUSKESMAS PASIR SAKTI TAHUN 2019

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, due to abnormal insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Hyperglycemia is a condition in which blood glucose levels increase or exceed normal limits. This study aims to evaluate the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus in outpatients in Puskesmas Pasir Sakti. This research is a nonexperimental research with a descriptive design taken retrospectively. The sample in this study were all outpatients with a diagnosis of type II diabetes mellitus at Puskesmas Pasir Sakti 2019. The sampling technique used was Total sampling. The sample of this study is the medical record data of patients with type II diabetes mellitus in 2019 adjusted for inclusion criteria. Characteristics based on gender of patients with type II diabetes melitus there are 23 male patients that is 29% and 57 female patients that is 71 %. Characteristics based on the age of most patients in the Elderly (46-65 years) as many as 65 patients (81%). cases of type II diabetes mellitus patients without complications were 39 patients (49%) cases of type II diabetes mellitus patients with complications of 41 patients (51%). The results of the rationality of antidiabetic use in outpatients at the Puskesmas Pasir Sakti in 2019 According to PERKENI 2015 obtained the use of drugs based on the exact parameters indicated as much as 97.5%, the right drugs as much as 98.75%, the right dosage as much as 100%, the right way of administration as much as 100%, the exact time interval of 100%, and medication adherence of 100%. Treatment of type II diabetes melitus who received rational therapy was 96,25% while irational therapy is 3,75%. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Evaluation, Medicine, Rationality