Effect of adaptation of acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans on ferrous oxidation and nickel leaching efficiency

Studies were carried out on ferrous oxidation and bacterial leaching of copper flotation concentrate to selectively leach nickel by two strains of Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans. However, slower growth rates of these strains have led to prolonged lag periods during leaching process with low nickel recovery. Hence, attempts were made to adapt these strains to high concentrations of copper salt, nickel salt, mixture of copper and nickel salts and flotation concentrate which would facilitate the preferential leaching of Ni containing pentlandite phase from a floatation concentrate with chalcopyrite phase in predominance. When unadapted strains of Tf were replaced with adapted strains, the lag period during leaching process was drastically declined with immediate resurgence of pH fall indicating biologically produced acid. Cells adapted to metals and concentrate has shown positive effect on oxidizing ability of pyrite and nickel leaching efficiency. Unadapted Tf-44 and Tf-231 strains have shown selective leaching of nickel (55% and 49.7%) while the leachabilities obtained with adapted strains were 80% and 83.5% respectively

Texture studies of hot compressed near alpha titanium alloy (IMI 834) at 1000°C with different strain rates

IMI 834 Titanium alloy is a near alpha (hcp) titanium alloy used for high temperature applications with the service temperature up to 600°C. Generally, this alloy is widely used in gas turbine engine applications such as low pressure compressor discs. For these applications, good fatigue and creep properties are required, which have been noticed better in a bimodal microstructure, containing 15-20% volume fraction of primary alpha grains (αp) and remaining bcc beta (β) grains transformed secondary alpha laths (αs). The bimodal microstructure is achieved during processing of IMI 834 in the high temperature α+β region. The major issue of bimodal IMI 834 during utilization is its poor dwell fatigue life time caused by textured macrozones. Textured macrozone is the spatial accumulation of similar oriented grains in the microstructure generated during hot processing in the high temperature α+β region. Textured macrozone can be mitigated by controlling the hot deformation with certain strain rate under stable plastic conditions having β grains undergoing dynamic recrystallization. Hence, a comprehensive study is required to understand the deformation behavior of α and β grains at different strain rates in that region. Hot compression tests up to 5°% strain of the samples are performed with five different strain rates i.e. 10-3 s-1, 10-2 s-1, 10-1 s-1, 1 s-1 and 10 s-1 at 1000°C using Gleeble 3800. The resultant bimodal microstructure and the texture studies of primary alpha grains (αp) and secondary alpha laths (αs) are carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) method

STABITY INDICATING DISSOLUTION METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR ESTIMATION OF METHYLDOPA AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE IN COMBINE DOSAGE FORM

The aim of this work was to develop validate a dissolution test for Methyldopa and Hydrochlorothiazide in combination tablets using spectrophotometric method. The dissolution established conditions were 900 mL of 0.1M HCl pH 1.0 as dissolution medium, using a paddle apparatus at a stirring rate of 50 rpm. The drug release was evaluated by UV spectrophotometric method the areas of solution were recorded at 274-284 nm and266-276 nm for Methyldopa and Hydrochlorothiazide respectively. It can be concluded that the method developed consists in an efficient alternative for assay of dissolution for tablets. The method was validated to meet requirements for a global regulatory filing which includes linearity, precision, accuracy robustness and ruggedness. In addition, filter suitability and drug stability in medium were demonstrated Keywords: In vitro release, Stability, Dissolution study of methyldopa and Hydrochlorothiazide, Spectrophotometry, Area under curve method, Validation

SMART Materials for Biomedical Applications: Advancements and Challenges

The advancement of SMART (Self-Healing, Multifunctional, Adaptive, Responsive, and Tunable) materials has had a significant impact on the domain of biomedical applications. These materials possess distinct characteristics that exhibit responsiveness to alterations in their surroundings, rendering them exceedingly appealing for a wide range of therapeutic applications. This study aims to examine the progress and obstacles related to SMART materials within the field of biomedicine. In recent decades, notable advancements have been achieved in the development, synthesis, and analysis of intelligent materials specifically designed for biomedical purposes. Self-healing materials have been employed in the development of implants, wound healing scaffolds, and drug delivery systems, drawing inspiration from natural regeneration mechanisms. The ongoing advancements in SMART materials have significant opportunities for transforming biological applications. The progression of nanotechnology, biomaterials, and bioengineering is expected to play a significant role in the advancement of materials that possess enhanced qualities and capabilities. The integration of SMART materials with emerging technologies such as 3D printing, gene editing, and microfluidics has the potential to create novel opportunities in the field of precision medicine and personalised healthcare. The effective translation of SMART materials from the laboratory to the clinic will need concerted efforts by researchers, physicians, regulatory agencies, and industry partners to address the present difficulties

Intelligent Control of SMART Materials for Energy Harvesting and Storage Devices

The investigation of innovative materials and intelligent control systems has been motivated by the desire to provide sustainable energy solutions, with the aim of improving the efficiency and adaptability of energy harvesting and storage devices. This study introduces an innovative methodology to tackle this issue by combining SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysing, and Reporting Technology) materials with sophisticated intelligent control approaches. The system under consideration utilises the intrinsic material characteristics of SMART materials, including piezoelectric, thermoelectric, and shape memory alloys, with the objective of capturing and transforming ambient energy into electrical power that can be effectively utilised. In order to fully harness the capabilities of SMART materials, a novel control framework is proposed that integrates machine learning algorithms, real-time sensor data, and adaptive control procedures. The intelligent control system enhances the effectiveness and durability of energy harvesting and storage devices by effectively adjusting to different operational situations and optimising energy conversion and storage processes. The findings demonstrate significant enhancements in energy conversion efficiency as well as notable advancements in the longevity and dependability of energy systems utilising SMART materials. Furthermore, the capacity of the control system to adjust to various environmental circumstances and energy sources situates this research at the forefront of cutting-edge energy technology

Texture analyses of friction stir welded austenitic stainless steel AISI-316L

Low stacking fault energy AISI-316L stainless steel of 4 mm thick plates are friction stir welded at 1100 RPM and 8 mm/min welding speed using cubic boron nitride-tungsten rhenium composite tool. Large area orientation image mapping of the stir zone using electron backscatter diffraction scanning electron microscopy is performed to comprehensively characterise its microstructure and is searched for torsion shear texture components. Kernel average misorientation analysis revealed that top layer of the stir zone is almost fully recrystallised which experienced highest temperature and strain; middle layer has more deformed grains than recrystallised, showing partial recrystallisation while the bottom layer which encountered low strain but high temperature is almost fully recrystallised. Texture analyses showed variation from A {111} partial fiber type of texture in the top layer and C {001} and A {1 (Formula presented.) 1} type shear texture components in the middle layer followed by (Formula presented.) {1 (Formula presented.) 1} type of shear texture in the bottom layer. It is evident from Kernel average misorientation analysis and texture evolution studies that recrystallised region produced A {111} partial fiber/ (Formula presented.) {1 (Formula presented.) 1} shear component while deformed region produced C {001} shear component