Investigating The Surface Characteristics of Dip Coated 3D Printed ABS Specimens

In the past few years, FDM basedpolymer 3D printing process has flourished mainly with ABS filaments as a thermoplastic source. Food packing, medical, marine and agriculture industries employdevices and other usable items made of polymers. Utilizing layered fabrication components in these areascompelthem to have self-cleansing, anti-freezing and corrosion resistant surfaces. It is generally complex and expensive to prepare hydrophobic coatings.The present work is related to the development of a surface coating on 3D printed ABS specimens with the mentioned properties. 3D printed specimens were fabricated using Flash Forge 3D printer without any modifications, and the hydrophobic coatings were achieved by dip coating process using Tricalcium phosphate-chitin solutions with a ratio of 70:30. Static contact angle measurement was employedin gaging wettability impact on dip coated 3D printed specimens. By using digital vernier calipers and profilometer (SJ410), dimensional accuracy and surface roughness were assessed pre and post-coating. According to ASTM D570-98, water absorption tests were conducted at different time intervals. Results of the experiment showed that the hydrophobic solutions had been successfully synthesized. The maximum contact angle was achieved for solution 1(4g of tricalcium phosphate solution with 0.3g chitin solution) i.e., 109.3°. Improvement in the textureof 3D printed ABS surfaceswas observed after dip coating. Dip-coated 3D printed ABS specimens exhibited minimal absorption based on their weight gain per area

Investigating The Surface Characteristics of Dip Coated 3D Printed ABS Specimens

In the past few years, FDM basedpolymer 3D printing process has flourished mainly with ABS filaments as a thermoplastic source. Food packing, medical, marine and agriculture industries employdevices and other usable items made of polymers. Utilizing layered fabrication components in these areascompelthem to have self-cleansing, anti-freezing and corrosion resistant surfaces. It is generally complex and expensive to prepare hydrophobic coatings.The present work is related to the development of a surface coating on 3D printed ABS specimens with the mentioned properties. 3D printed specimens were fabricated using Flash Forge 3D printer without any modifications, and the hydrophobic coatings were achieved by dip coating process using Tricalcium phosphate-chitin solutions with a ratio of 70:30. Static contact angle measurement was employedin gaging wettability impact on dip coated 3D printed specimens. By using digital vernier calipers and profilometer (SJ410), dimensional accuracy and surface roughness were assessed pre and post-coating. According to ASTM D570-98, water absorption tests were conducted at different time intervals. Results of the experiment showed that the hydrophobic solutions had been successfully synthesized. The maximum contact angle was achieved for solution 1(4g of tricalcium phosphate solution with 0.3g chitin solution) i.e., 109.3°. Improvement in the textureof 3D printed ABS surfaceswas observed after dip coating. Dip-coated 3D printed ABS specimens exhibited minimal absorption based on their weight gain per area

Experimental Analysis of Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Aluminium Alloys by Machine Learning

This research focusses on joining of dissimilar materials on AA5083 and AA6082 using friction stir welding process. Tool rotation speed, welding speed and tool tilt angle are optimized using L27 Orthogonal design of experiments with tensile strength as the response. To evaluate potential of sophisticated machine learning methodologies, random forest regressor and artificial neural network algorithms are utilized for predicting the joint strength of friction stir welded dissimilar plates of AA5083 and AA6082. These models are used to investigate discrepancies between experimental and predicted results. Of the available results, 21 readings are chosen for training the model while remaining are used for testing the model. Random forest regressor and artificial neural network techniques were formed using the data associated with the experiment. Moreover, results of the analysis of variances are compared to the machine learning predicted results to determine the variances

Development of patient-specific 3D printed implants for total knee arthroplasty

Aim: Arthritis is a degenerative condition characterized by the progressive deterioration of the knee joint, leading to aches, rigidity, and decreased mobility. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery is performed to alleviate pain for restoring activity in these patients. TKA is carried out due to natural wear of the cartilage and meniscus or by sudden impact at the knee joint area. The surgical procedure involves careful planning, precise bone cuts, and insertion of artificial components made of metal alloys and high-density polyethylene. However, conventional manufacturing of customized knee implants involves time and cost. This work aims to present the application of three-dimensional (3D) printing for developing individualized knee implants for TKA and the challenges faced during it. Methods: Morphometry of the knee joint varies among different populations, including Indian and Western, which pose challenges during the surgery as accurate alignment and implant sizing are crucial for optimal outcomes. A female patient’s pre-surgery computed tomography (CT) scan is considered to identify the disease and to find region of interest (ROI) such as knee joint. Process involves converting scanned data to a file format for 3D printing via computer-aided design (CAD). Results: The patient’s CT scan data is processed to obtain the CAD models of knee joint and standard triangulation language (STL) file. Additional geometries and noise present near the region are removed to get ROI. Open loops and overlapping triangles are rectified in the STL file. Based on the morphometry of the bone, resection is done to obtain the CAD models of knee implants. 3D printing of the knee joint and implant prototypes is then obtained using fused deposition modelling (FDM). Line layers on the printed implant prototype are seen. Conclusions: Patient-specific 3D printed knee joint implant prototypes are successfully obtained using FDM. Challenges faced during the work are successfully worked out

Advancements of 3D Printing Technology in Dentistry: A Review

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a method for which a material (such asthe plastic, metal, ceramic, powder, liquid, or even living cells) that is passed through a layer is formed in a layer to produce a deposition of a 3D object, and then a layer is added. This process is also known as additive manufacturing (AM), rapid prototyping (RP). The main advantage of 3D printers are in medical applications, such as teeth, is the custom production of implants that are particularly detached from the teeth. Dental implants are a daunting task for dentists from an accuracy standpoint. Successful implantation requires expertise and experience to achieve cost effectiveness. The combination of 3D printing and digital technology has significantly increased the success rate and transformed workflow and practice into dental implant care standards. This article describes the role of the3D printing in the field of orthodontics

3D printed human humerus bone with proximal implant prototype for arthroplasty

Human shoulder joints are susceptible to failure due to Osteonecrosis. It occurs at the humeral head region thereby collapsing it. For repair, resurfacing arthroplasty is used which involves reshaping of the humerus bone head and preparing an implant. But it is a tedious process to prepare the bone implant conventionally. This article presents developing prototype of a customized implant on human humerus bone that can act as an alternative to the conventional manufacturing of implants. 3D scanning technology is employed for acquisition of data of humerus bone in the form of point cloud which acts as an input for its modeling. Morphometric measurements of the bone are used to develop the resurfacing implant for proximal humerus. The humerus head is reshaped using Boolean operations and assembled with resurfacing implant. CATIA software is used for CAD modeling and related operations. Static structural analysis is performed on humerus bone and reshaped humerus bone with implant in ANSYS software to know its behaviour during different loading conditions. Fused Deposition Modeling technology has been used for 3D printing of humerus bone and its implant. However, the procedure for geometric modeling of such complex shape bone and its proximal implant has not been well defined.&nbsp

Trends in characterization and analysis of TKA implants for 3D printing

In almost every country, knee joint problems are common among humans. As per American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, it is estimated that 3.5 million individuals in the world will undergo knee replacement surgery by 2030. People with advanced rheumatoid arthritis, or long-standing osteoarthritis are usually affected by this deformity due to changes in lifestyle. These conditions mainly affect middle-aged and elderly individuals with osteoarthritis or severe knee injuries. These problems can be overcome with the help of total knee implants by undergoing surgical procedures for providing relaxation & comfort to the knee joint. These procedures are also known as total knee arthroplasty (TKA). TKA is an ancient surgical process employed for treating intracapsular knee joint arthritis. It is promising technique greatly augmenting a patient’s standard of life. The main components of TKA are femoral and tibial components, spacer, and patellar components respectively. Materials often used in these components include titanium, Ti6Al4V, cobalt-chromium alloys, polyethylene and bio compatible materials. 3D printing of TKA implants is a recent avenue being explored by researchers in an attempt to develop a better replacement for the conventional implants for providing comfort to the patients. This paper presents thorough assessment of research trends in mechanical characterization and finite element analysis of knee joint prosthetics, especially TKA implants for 3D printing

Evaluating the influence of coir fibres on solar still efficiency and economic viability

The primary objective of this study is to determine the Coir fibres (CF) utilization in solar stills (SS) to boost the quantity of freshwater production. By placing dry CF fibres in the absorber basin, researchers were able to accelerate the rate at which water evaporated from the SS. Under various CF densities, the freshwater production of the absorber basin was measured (8, 11, 14, 18, 20, 23, and 26). The outcomes demonstrated that yield was raised by 27.23 percent after 18-fiber SSCF was added to the absorber basin. There were 14.27 percent, 19.40 percent, 24.57 percent, 25.00 percent, 16.28 percent, and 6.23 percent yield improvements for solar stills with 8, 11, 14, 18, 20, 23, and 26 fibres in the absorber basin, respectively, as compared to a CSS. The results demonstrate that compared to CSS, the cost to produce one litre of freshwater with SSCF is reduced by 23.1%. The return of investment for SSCF is much more immediate than it is for CSS. An estimated ₹242 was needed to produce 1 litre of freshwater using CSS, while an estimated ₹199 was needed to produce 1 litre of freshwater using SSCF. The payback time for SS was only 6.23 months, which was significantly less than that of solar panels. CF are preferable to other materials for use in the solar still due to their lower cost and higher energy efficiency