Some reproductive performances of Thai native (TN) and 50% TN x Anglo-Nubian crossbred does with different levels of concentrate supplementation

A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial in completely randomized design was conducted to determine the effect of genotype of does (Thai native (TN) or 50% Anglo-Nubian (AN) crossbred), levels of concentrate supplementation(1 % body weight or ad libitum) and body condition of does (poor or good) on oestrus incidence, kidding rate and multiple birth rate of does. Does rotationally grazed on Paspalum plicatulum pasture for 4 weeks andwere supplemented with concentrate. The experiment was divided into 4 periods: 1) does run with a teaser for 105 days before mating to determine an oestrus incidence 2) does joined with bucks of the same genotypefor 45 days 3) does run with a teaser for 150 days during pregnancy and 4) does run with a teaser 90 days post-partum. Genotype, levels of concentrate supplementation and body condition of does did not significantlyaffect (P>0.05) kidding rate or multiple birth rate and average kidding rate and multiple birth rate of the does was 83.8 and 82.3%, respectively. Birth weight of kids from TN does was significantly lower (P<0.01) than that from 50% TN x AN crossbred does (1.9 and 2.5 kg, respectively). Number of days of the first oestrus incidence in post-partum period for TN does was significantly (P<0.01) less than that of 50% ANcrossbred does (59.1 days and 75.0 days, respectively). Number of days of the first oestrus incidence in postpartum for does supplemented with concentrate ad libitum was significantly (P<0.01) lower than that ofdoes supplemented with 1% BW of concentrate (60.5 and 73.6 days, respectively)

Energy and protein utilisation for maintenance and growth of Thai native and Anglo-Nubian x Thai native male weaner goats

Twenty-four Thai native (TN), 25% Anglo-Nubian (AN), 50% (AN) entire male weaner kids (each eight) (15.7 ± 0.45 kg BW) were used to compare growth and feed utilisation of these three goat genotypes at four levels of intake (maintenance (M), 1.2 M, 1.4 M and ad libitum). TN kids had lower (P < 0.05) DM and OM digestibility coefficients than did 25 and 50% AN kids. Kids fed ad libitum had higher (P < 0.05) DM, OM, NDF and ADF digestibility coefficients than did kids fed 1.2 M and M intakes. There was no significant main effect of genotype on goat growth rates (g/d and g/kg/d), although 50% AN goats fed ad libitum had higher (P < 0.05) growth rates (g/d) than did 25% AN and TN goats given the same level of intake. As expected, growth rates increased as feed intakes increased from maintenance (1.3 g/kg/d) to ad libitum (10.0 g/kg/d). Linear regression equations combined across genotypes were used to calculate maintenance and growth requirements for energy and protein for these goats. Maintenance energy requirement was 376 ± 18.5 kJ ME/kg/d and the ME requirement for BW gain was 25.9 ± 2.4 kJ ME/g. Minimum N requirements for maintenance of BW was 4.4 ± 0.24 g DCP/kg/d and requirements for BW gain was 0.204 ± 0.033 g DCP/kg gain. Results from the present experiment suggest that Thai native and AN x Thai native goats have similar protein and energy requirements for growth, and that these values are similar to those reported for other breeds of goats. It is also suggested that the comparatively poor growth of all goats at the highest intake was related to low voluntary feed intakes and probably associated with high environmental temperatures and humidity

Resistência anti-helmíntica em rebanhos caprinos no Estado do Ceará Anthelmintic resistance in goat herds in the State of Ceará

Um levantamento em nível de campo sobre resistência anti-helmíntica em nematódeos gastrintestinais de caprinos foi realizado em 34 rebanhos no Estado do Ceará. Em cada rebanho foram separados 30 cabritos, de ambos os sexos, com idade variando de 1 a 6 meses, os quais foram individualmente pesados, identificados e distribuídos em três tratamentos: 1) Oxfendazole na dose de 4,75mg/kg; 2) Levamisole na dose de 7,5 mg/kg e 3) Controle (não medicado). Os anti-helmínticos foram administrados de acordo com o peso individual de cada animal e, a dosagem utilizada para cada produto foi a recomendada pelo laboratório fabricante. Foram colhidas fezes dos animais de todos os tratamentos, para OPG e coprocultura, no dia da medicação e 7 dias após. Dos 34 rebanhos avaliados, 7 (20,6%) apresentaram resistência aos imidazóis, 6 (17,6%) aos benzimidazóis e 12 (35,3%) revelaram resistência múltipla. Apenas em 9 rebanhos (26,5%), os nematódeos foram sensíveis aos anti-helmínticos avaliados. Através do questionário aplicado detectou-se que 52,9% dos caprinocultores entrevistados usavam anti-helmínticos de amplo espectro. Os resultados das coproculturas mostraram que os gêneros sobreviventes à medicação com oxfendazole foram principalmente Haemonchus sp, seguido em menor frequência por Oesophagostomum sp, enquanto que ao cloridrato de levamisole sobreviveram Haemonchus sp, Oesophagostomum sp e Trichostrongylus sp.<br>Goats of 45 farms in the State of Ceará, Brazil, were treated with anthelmintics for gastrointestinal nematodes, and their resistance to the anthelmintics was evaluated. On each farm 30 kids were weighed, ear-tagged and divided into three groups of ten. The first group received oxfendazole at 4.75mg/kg, the second levamisole at 7.5mg/kg, and the third group remained untreated as control. All goats were drenched according to their individual body weight. Fecal samples were collected from all animals (treated and control) on the day of treatment and 7 days later, to provide material for egg counts and larval cultures. Among 34 surveyed herds 20.6% showed levamisole resistance, 17.6% showed resistance to benzimidazole, and 35.3% had multiple resistance. At the time of the assessment 52.9% of the farmers were using broad spectrum anthelmintics. Only 26.5% of the surveyed herds had nematode populations susceptible to the anthelmintics assessed. The results of larval cultures showed that larvae surviving the treatment with oxfendazole were mainly Haemonchus sp and, to a lesser extent, Oesophagostomum sp; those surviving levamisole treatment were Haemonchus sp, Oesophagostomum sp and Trichostrongylus sp