Conceptual Foundations: Walton and McKersie\u27s Subprocesses of Negotiations

[Excerpt] Walton and McKersie\u27s 1965 book, A Behavioral Theory of Labor Negotiations, provides much of the conceptual underpinnings of what grew into the modern-day teaching of negotiations in business, public policy, law, and other professional schools. We therefore believe that it is useful to outline the basic concepts and ideas introduced by these authors. We do so, however, with a word of caution. There is no substitute for the original. Every student should have the pleasure of struggling (as we did the first time it was assigned to us as students) with the tongue twisters like attitudinal structuring and the many other new terms and theoretical ideas introduced in the book

Identification of a context-dependent Mpt5-mediated, post-transcriptional buffering system triggered by chromatin deregulation in S. cerevisiae

The flow of genetic information from DNA to mRNA, and subsequent translation of the mRNA into protein, is essential for cell survival. Both transcriptional regulation at the chromatin level and post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA turnover work in a dynamic and coordinated manner to maintain this flow and proper cell function. Although these two levels of regulation clearly control gene expression together, there is very little information about a specific connection between the two levels of control. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish if such a connection exists. We used an H3K56A histone mutant as a screening candidate. This mutant prevents a well-researched lysine acetylation that is as an important contributor to the maintenance of chromatin architecture and transcriptional regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, yet it does not cause significant changes in steady state mRNA levels. To identify potential links between chromatin-templated processes and post-transcriptional control, H3K56A was crossed against a genomic deletion library using the synthetic genetic array approach. This led to the identification of a synthetic lethal genetic interaction between the Pumilio-family protein Mpt5 and H3K56A. Mpt5 is a diverse RNA binding protein that can target around 16% of the yeast transcriptome and has been shown to promote both degradation and buffering of transcripts. Further investigation into the MPT5-H3K56A interaction shows that loss of H3K56 acetylation triggers changes to nascent transcription, and Mpt5 buffers against these changes by stabilizing transcripts in a context-dependent manner, thus ensuring balanced steady-state mRNA levels. Depletion of Mpt5 in an H3K56A background results in a loss of this buffering system, causing a significant decrease in Mpt5 targets. Strikingly, these targets are strongly enriched for ribosomal protein transcripts. The observed down-regulation of ribosomal protein genes leads to a strong decrease in translation efficiency and ultimately, cell cycle arrest. We also provide further evidence that the Mpt5-mediated buffering system extends to other disturbances to chromatin architecture. We show that loss of H3K4 methylation can also trigger Mpt5 buffering, but most likely through a different mechanism. Therefore, in this study, we identify a mechanism linking chromatin dependent transcriptional control and post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA through a context-dependent, mRNA buffering system that is crucial to proper cell function

Exploring the epigenetic link in circadian disruption induced breast cancer

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Evidence is also mounting that circadian disruption (CD) is probably carcinogenic to humans and is linked to breast cancer development. The aim of this thesis is to provide new insights into the epigenetic links involved in CD-induced breast cancer. The results presented here show for the first time that CD induces expression changes in breast cancer-relevant and potentially circadian-relevant miRNAs in mammary tissues. Moreover, the results also show that long-term CD can potentially cause gene expression changes on a large enough scale to influence breast cancer-relevant signaling pathways. These findings align with previous studies that have shown that CD is a warranted concern in breast cancer development, and that the initiation of this process may be linked to aberrant CD-induced miRNA activity in the mammary tissues.Canadian Breast Cancer Foundatio

A letter concerning Leonetti's paper `Continuous Projections onto Ideal Convergent Sequences'

Leonetti proved that whenever $\mathcal I$ is an ideal on $\mathbb N$ such that there exists an~uncountable family of sets that are not in $\mathcal I$ with the property that the intersection of any two distinct members of that family is in $\mathcal I$, then the space $c_{0,\mathcal I}$ of sequences in $\ell_\infty$ that converge to 0 along $\mathcal I$ is not complemented. We provide a shorter proof of a more general fact that the quotient space $\ell_\infty / c_{0,\mathcal I}$ does not even embed into $\ell_\infty$

Determining the Age of Spoiled Milk from Dried Films Using Attenuated Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopy

Milk spoilage is an inevitable occurrence, which generates waste and can result in food poisoning. When milk spoils, the off-flavor and curdling are due to excessive proliferation of various bacteria which causes pH changes. Time, temperature, environment,and previous handling practice all affects the spoilage rate. There is a need for a fast reliable and accurate method that can identify in situearly spoilage of milk. Here we show the ability of attenuated total reflectionFourier transformed infrared spectroscopy(ATR FT-IR) in conjunction with multivariate data analysis to predict the age of milk. We found that dried films vastly increased the absorbance of important biomolecules within milk such as lipids, proteins,and sugars, compared to an unchanged milk sample. This allowed us to note the minor discrepancies that happened in spoilage. Spoilt milk was characterizedby bands associated with increased lipids, proteins, lactic acid; and a decrease in carbohydrates. A semiquantitative prediction model for milk spoilage at room temperature demonstrated ATR FT-IRspectroscopy can predict milk age with a root mean square error of prediction of approximately 14 hours.The model showed poor performance in the first 40 hours but the predictions improved significantly after this time. The experimental procedure proposed for detecting biomolecules within milk has the potential to improve common practice. Furthermore, the model would be a starting point for a newer and improved methods to predict the spoilage date of milk, with potential commercial uses to reduce food waste and costs to the milk industry

Collective Bargaining and the Quality of Work: The Views of Local Union Activists

[Excerpt] The purpose of the present study was to assess the views of local union officers and activists on these matters. Specifically, the study was designed to answer the following questions: Do local union leaders and members see so-called quality of work issues as equal in importance to the more traditional issues of collective bargaining? Do they tend to agree or disagree on these ratings of importance? Do they see quality of work issues as more integrative; that is, as those on which the goals of management and the union are pretty much the same? Is the collective bargaining process perceived to be (a) effectively responding to the goals which are rated as being most important; (b) more effective on issues on which there is general agreement regarding their importance than on those where larger individual differences exist; and (c) more effective on issues that are perceived to be more distributive than integrative? Do these individuals feel that quality of work issues should be handled through bargaining, or do they feel the need for new approaches to union-management relations? In particular, are there issues which are viewed as important, but as not being handled effectively through collective bargaining, and, thus, as holding strong potential for joint programs of organizational change

Circadian disruption and breast cancer: an epigenetic link?

Sherpa Romeo blue journal. Open access article. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (CC BY 3.0) appliesBreast cancer is already the most common malignancy affecting women worldwide, and evidence is mounting that breast cancer induced by circadian disruption (CD) is a warranted concern. Numerous studies have investigated various aspects of the circadian clock in relation to breast cancer, and evidence from these studies indicates that melatonin and the core clock genes can play a crucial role in breast cancer development. Even though epigenetics has been increasingly recognized as a key player in the etiology of breast cancer and linked to circadian rhythms, and there is evidence of overlap between epigenetic deregulation and breast cancer induced by circadian disruption, only a handful of studies have directly investigated the role of epigenetics in CD-induced breast cancer. This review explores the circadian clock and breast cancer, and the growing role of epigenetics in breast cancer development and circadian rhythms. We also summarize the current knowledge and next steps for the investigation of the epigenetic link in CD-induced breast cancer.Ye

Brief of Amici Curiae Professors Ronald A. Cass, David F. Forte, James L. Huffman, Donald J. Kochan, Jesse J. Richardson and Reed Watson in Support of Petitioners

The Court of Federal Claims ruled that the Klamath, Yurok and Hoopa (hereafter Tribes) reserved water rights in the Klamath River Basin are of a volume at least equal to the amount of water the Environmental Protection Agency has determined to be necessary to trigger endangered species protection. In the absence of an adjudication in state or federal court and contrary to the long history of federal deference (both by Congressional enactment and judicial precedent) to state adjudication of water rights, the Federal Circuit affirmed and thus preempted, without the participation of affected parties including petitioners, the State of Oregon’s ongoing adjudication of Klamath Basin water rights. Independent of the 5th Amendment takings issue at the root of this case, the Federal Circuit’s decision raises serious federalism issues that this Court should address. Few matters are of more importance to western states like Oregon than the allocation of scarce water resources. For a century and a half this Court and Congress have mandated federal court deference to the states’ administration and adjudication of water rights. Deference is particularly important to the wise administration of this scarce resource where there is an ongoing state court adjudication and where no federal interest will be compromised. As with asserting any reserved rights claims of its own, the federal government has every opportunity to exercise its role as trustee for the Tribes in the state court adjudication