The Effects of Using Plaque-Disclosing Tablets on the Removal of Plaque and Gingival Status of Orthodontic Patients

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of using plaque-disclosing tablets (PDTs) on the plaque and gingival index scores of patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances.Methods:In group A (n=16), the subjects were motivated by conventional oral hygiene instructions, including verbal information about tooth brushing. The patients in group B (n=17) were motivated using PDTs used in the dentists’ office to show the locations of biofilms in addition to the instructions given to group A. Both the chairside demonstration performed in group B and the at-home use of disclosing tablets were undertaken by those in group C (n=15). The periodontal parameters were recorded before applying the fixed appliance (T0) and after the first (T1) and third (T2) months.Results:The plaque index (PI) scores of group C were significantly lower (p0.05) were found between groups A and B. The gingival status of group C did not change significantly (p>0.05) over the three months and was statistically lower when compared to groups A and B.Conclusion:The use of PDTs at home may enhance the plaque removal efficiency and gingival health stability, by facilitating self-examination

Pimpla turionellae L. erginlerinin eşey oranına suda çözünen vitamin karışımının farklı derişimlerinin etkisi

TEZ4472Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2003.Kaynakça (s. 22-26) var.v, 26 s. ; 30 cm.

The effect of neonatal Nmethyl- d-aspartate receptor blockade on exploratory and anxiety-like behaviors in adult BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play an important role in brain maturation and developmental processes. In our study, we evaluated the effects of neonatal NMDA receptor blockade on exploratory locomotion and anxiety-like behaviors of adult BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. In this study, NMDA receptor hypofunction was induced 7-10 days after birth using MK-801 in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice (0.25mg/kg twice a day for 4 days via intraperitoneal injection). The open-field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests were used to evaluate exploratory locomotion and anxiety-like behaviors. In the OF, BALB/c mice spent less time in the center of the field (p<0.05) and had less vertical locomotor activity (p<0.01) compared to C57BL/6 mice. In BALB/c mice, MK-801 caused a decrease in vertical and horizontal locomotor activity in the OF test, compared to the control group (p<0.05). In C57BL/6 mice, MK-801 treatment increased horizontal locomotor activity and decreased time spent in the center in the OF test (p<0.05). In the EPM, the number of open-arm entries, the percentage of open-arm time (p<0.01) and total arm entries (p<0.05) were lower in BALB/c mice compared to C57BL/6 mice. In BALB/c mice, MK-801 caused an increase in the percentage of open-arm time compared to the control group (p<0.05). In C57BL/6 mice, MK-801 caused a decrease in the percentage of open-arm time compared to the control group (p<0.05). MK-801 decreased exploratory and anxiety-like behaviors in BALB/c mice. In contrast, MK-801 increased exploratory and anxiety-like behaviors in C57BL/6 mice. In conclusion, hereditary factors may play an important role in neonatal NMDA receptor blockade-induced responses

Protective Effect of Quercetin Against Oxidative Stressinduced Toxicity Associated With Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide in Rat Kidney and Liver Tissue

WOS: 000397993100006PubMed ID: 28270644Introduction. Doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide are widely used anticancer drugs with substantial toxicity in noncancerous tissue resulting from oxidative damage. Quercetin is a potent antioxidant compound. We hypothesized that quercetin administration would ameliorate the toxic effects of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide prior to pregnancy. Materials and Methods. Cyclophosphamide, 27 mg/kg, and doxorubicin, 1.8 mg/kg, were administered to rats as intraperitoneal doses once every 3 weeks for a total of 10 weeks with or without concurrent treatment with quercetin, 10 mg/kg/d. Oxidative stress parameters were evaluated in maternal kidney and liver tissues after gestation. Results. Doxorubicin was associated with elevated kidney tissue malondialdehyde relative to the controls and quercetin only treatment (P < .05). Both cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin were associated with elevated malondialdehyde levels in the liver tissue (P < .05). Doxorubicin treatment was associated with decreased liver glutathione peroxidase (P < .05). Quercetin treatment suppressed the accumulation of malondialdehyde and increased glutathione peroxidase levels during doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide treatment (P < . 05) Conclusions. Treatment with quercetin in patients receiving doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide results in therapeutic restoration of homeostatic expression of the antioxidant parameters, reducing oxidative damage to the liver and kidney

The Effects of Social Isolation in Standard and Enriched Physical Environments on the Adult Emotional Behavior of Rats Administered With MK-801 During the Early Developmental Stage

WOS: 000312364300003Objective: The present study was aimed at the investigation of the effects of chronic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockade applied during the late stage of brain maturation (days 20-30 after birth) and physical environment on affective behaviors during adulthood in socially isolated rats. Methods: In order to establish a social isolation model, the experimental animals were kept in individual cages, starting from 21 days of age till adulthood. The socially isolated rats, which were reared under standard and enriched environmental conditions, were administered with MK-801 (between days 20-30 after birth for a period of 10 days at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg body weight, twice a day, by subcutaneous route). As from 3 months of age, the behavior of the adult rats was assessed using the open-field test, light-dark preference test and the elevated plus-maze test. Results: In the open-field test, it was observed that the frequency of rearing, considered as exploratory behavior, has increased significantly in the group administered with physiological saline and isolated under enriched physical environmental conditions compared to the group isolated under standard physical environmental conditions (p<0.01). In the elevated plus-maze test, the duration of the period the animals remained in the open arm has shortened in the group, which was administered with physiological saline and isolated under enriched physical environmental conditions in comparison to the animals exposed to standard physical environmental conditions (p<0.01). Compared to the group given physiological saline, in the group administered with MK-801 and reared in a standard physical environment, a significant decrease was observed in the same parameter (p<0,05). Conclusion: In conclusion, growth under enriched physical environmental conditions provides protection against both adulthood anxieties arising from NMDA receptor hypofunction in early childhood and emotional and behavioral abnormalities related to novel stimuli. (Archives of Neuropsychiatry 2012; 49: 248-254

Investigation of Changes in Anxiety and Learning Behavior During Oestrous Cycle in the Rat

WOS: 000313378300015Objective: Ovarian steroids modulate brain mechanisms such as learning, memory and novel object recognition. However, the influence of oestrous cycle on the selection of behavioural strategies in response to novelty and to partial or complete fearful stimuli has not yet been studied. In this study, we aimed to show the effect of oestrous cycle on learning, memory and selection of coping strategies in the face of anxiety. Material and Methods: We examined novelty-induced anxiety responses in female Wistar rats during the oestrous cycle in the open-field test and during the presentation of fearful partial or whole cues during the passive avoidance (PA) apparatus test. The open-field and passive avoidance behaviours of rats were analyzed during three phases of the oestrous cycle- oestrus, pro-oestrus and dioestrous. Results: The female rat in pro-oestrus phase spent less time in the centre of the open field (p<0.001) and showed decreased locomotor activity and exploratory behaviour in the apparatus (p=0.003). In the passive avoidance test, freezing behaviour increased in the pro-oestrus phase compared with the oestrus and dioestrous phases (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the phases of the oestrous cycle could affect cognitive performance and behavioural coping strategies with novel stimuli and fearful cues

THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR

Yaşamsal- ruhsal- toplumsal (biyo-psiko-sosyal) bir varlık olan insan çevrenin etkisi altında yaşamını sürdürür. Sosyal çevre insanın yaşamı boyunca, karşılıklı olarak etkileşim içinde bulunduğu ortam olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Ergenlik ve öncesi dönemlerde grup içinde sosyal organizasyon kurmak çok önemlidir. Erken gelişim döneminde yaşanan sosyal izolasyonun beyin gelişimini ve yetişkin dönem davranışlarını etkileyebileceği ortaya konulmuştur. Bu amaçla derlememizde sosyal çevrenin beyin ve davranışlar üzerine etkileri özetlenmiştir

The effects of social ısolation in standard and enriched physical environments on the adult emotional behavior of rats administered with MK-801 during the early developmental stage

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, sosyal izolasyonlu sıçanlarda beynin son olgunlaşma döneminde (20-30.günlerde) uygulanan kronik NMDA reseptör blokajı ve zengin fizik çevrenin yetişkin dönem duygusal davranışları üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Yöntem: Sosyal izolasyon modeli oluşturmak için denekler 21. günden yetişkin döneme kadar tekli kafeslerde barındırılmıştır. Sosyal izolasyon koşullarında, standart ve zengin fizik çevrede yetişen sıçanlara, MK-801enjeksiyonu uygulanmıştır (doğumdan sonra 20-30. günler arasında 10 gün süre ile 0,25 mg/kg vücut ağırlığı, günde iki kez, subkütan). 3 ayını dolduran yetişkin sıçanların davranışları açık alan, aydınlık-karanlık tercih ve yükseltilmiş artı düzenek testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Açık alan testine araştırmacı davranış olan serbest ayağa kalkma sıklığında, serum fizyolojik uygulanan zengin fizik çevre grubunda standart çevreye göre anlamlı artış görülmüştür (p<0,01). Yükseltilmiş artı düzenek testinde, açık kolda kalış süresi serum fizyolojik uygulanan zengin fizik çevre grubunda standart fizik çevre grubuna göre azalma göstermiştir (p<0,01) Aynı ölçütte MK-801 uygulanan standart fizik çevre grubunda da serum fizyolojik grubuna göre anlamlı azalma saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, zengin fizik çevre koşullarında yetişme, ergenlik öncesi dönem NMDA reseptör hipofonksiyonuna bağlı yetişkin dönem anksiyetesinden ve yeni uyaranla ilişkili duygusal ve davranışsal anormalliklerden korunmayı sağlamaktadır. (Nöropsikiyatri Arflivi 2012; 49: 248-254)Objective: The present study was aimed at the investigation of the effects of chronic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockade applied during the late stage of brain maturation (days 20-30 after birth) and physical environment on affective behaviors during adulthood in socially isolated rats. Methods: In order to establish a social isolation model, the experimental animals were kept in individual cages, starting from 21 days of age till adulthood. The socially isolated rats, which were reared under standard and enriched environmental conditions, were administered with MK-801 (between days 20-30 after birth for a period of 10 days at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg body weight, twice a day, by subcutaneous route). As from 3 months of age, the behavior of the adult rats was assessed using the open-field test, light-dark preference test and the elevated plus-maze test. Results: In the open-field test, it was observed that the frequency of rearing, considered as exploratory behavior, has increased significantly in the group administered with physiological saline and isolated under enriched physical environmental conditions compared to the group isolated under standard physical environmental conditions (<0.01). In the elevated plus-maze test, the duration of the period the animals remained in the open arm has shortened in the group, which was administered with physiological saline and isolated under enriched physical environmental conditions in comparison to the animals exposed to standard physical environmental conditions (<0.01). Compared to the group given physiological saline, in the group administered with MK-801 and reared in a standard physical environment, a significant decrease was observed in the same parameter (<0,05). Conclusion: In conclusion, growth under enriched physical environmental conditions provides protection against both adulthood anxieties arising from NMDA receptor hypofunction in early childhood and emotional and behavioral abnormalities related to novel stimuli. (Archives of Neuropsychiatry 2012; 49: 248-254