Sexual Dimorphism in the Turkmenian Population in Two Types of Dermatoglyphic Traits: Discriminant Analysis

The aim of this study is to compare the pattern of sex differences between two different sets of dermatoglyphic traits (22 quantitative and 42 indices of diversity and asymmetry). Finger and palmar prints of Turkmenian population (547 individuals) were used for Multivariate analyses includes Cluster, Discriminant and Mantel test of matrix correlations. All variables (two groups) scattered into a number of small clusters those are markedly similar between males and females. These results were confirmed by Discriminant analysis – the two groups of variables are almost similar, the percentages of correctly classified individuals are 64.14% (22 traits) and 65.45% (42 traits); and Mantel statistics – the Z values are within the level of non-significance, very good similarities in 22 (0.95) and good similarities in 42 (0.87) traits. Sex dimorphism is similar between two categories of dermatoglyphic variables may be used for sex – discrimination in different populations

Finger and palmar dermatoglyphics in Muzeina Bedouin from South Sinai: A quantitative study

Quantitative finger and palmar dermatoglyphics of 218 individuals (170 males and 48 females) belonging to the Muzeina Bedouins from South Sinai Peninsula. They are characterized with a high degree of consanguinity, a small isolate nomadic tribe. 22 quantitative dermatoglyphic traits (12 finger and 10 palms) were considered in the present study. Except PII (non-significant sex difference), the results of significant sex differences of finger ridge counts (TFRC), MLI are similar with the earlier studies in various populations. However, the results of palmar traits reveal homogeneity which also presents a common picture obtained in the earlier studies, perhaps due to the possible role of environmental (prenatal) factors in the realization of dermatoglyphics between finger and palm. The development of palmar dermatoglyphics has a relatively longer growth period compared with fingers (Cummins 1929). Thus, the palmar dermatoglyphic pattern of affinities corresponds better than fingers to the ethno-historic background of the populations (Reddy et al. 1988, Karmakar et al. 1989, 2002, 2008, 2010)

Sexual dimorphism in Muzeina Bedouins from South Sinai: Multivariate analysis on dermatoglyphic traits with asymmetry and diversity

The objective of this study is to compare the pattern of sex differences between two different sets of dermatoglyphic traits: 22 quantitative and 40 indices of diversity and asymmetry through Multivariate analyses in Muzeina Bedouins with high inbreeding coefficient of 0.0908 (Kobyliansky and Hershkovitz 1997) from South Sinai. A degree of universality is observed in the “digital pattern size factor” indicate the genetic factor which has more influence on these variables than environmental factors in male and female. Similarity is also observed by the factors- “intra-individual diversity”, “bilateral asymmetry” extracted from 40 traits which also suggests that a common biological validity exists in the underlying component structure. All variables (two groups) scattered into a number of small clusters are mainly categorized into three large and those are markedly similar between sexes. The above similarity was confirmed by the Mantel statistics- the Z values are within the level of non-significance, very good similarities in 22 (0.88) and good similarities in 40 (0.79) traits. Therefore, sex dimorphism is similar between two categories of dermatoglyphic traits which may be used for sex-discrimination in different ethnic populations

Finger and palmar dermatoglyphics in Muzeina Bedouins from South Sinai: qualitative traits

Qualitative finger and palmar dermatoglyphics traits of 218 individuals (170 males and 48 females), belonging to the Muzeina Bedouins – the nomadic tribe, a small isolate with a high degree of consanguinity from the South Sinai Peninsula were studied. The highest frequencies of pattern whorl (W) on the 4th finger followed by an ulnar loop (UL) on the 3rd finger for both hands in both sexes were observed. Similarly, the highest occurrence of pattern combinations W-W (67.7%) was followed by the UL-UL (65.2%) in both sexes. Finger and palmar patterns show homogeneity in nature except the 3rd finger and the 4th palmar area, which have a significant sex difference. The present results are not exactly similar with our previous studies on other populations – Chuvashian (Karmakar et al 2007), Indians (Karmakar et al 2002), Turkmenians (Karmakar et al 2010), perhaps due to a major ethnic difference and a high inbreeding level

Hand osteoarthritis and aging: the results of a large-scale cross-sectional study

<i>Background</i>: Because osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with morbidity and mortality, we hypothesized that radiographic hand OA would generally be associated with chronic systemic morbidity and it will be less prevalent in longevity populations than in non-longevity populations. <i>Aims</i>: 1) to evaluate the association between chronic systemic morbidity and radiographic hand OA; 2) to compare the prevalence and the mode of the development of radiographic hand OA in three longevity populations (Abkhazian, Azerbaijani and Georgian) vs. two non-longevity populations (Russian and Chuvashians). <i>Methods</i>: Radiographic hand OA was evaluated using the left hand radiograms in 14 joints according to the Kellgren and Lawrence’s (K-L) grading system. Each individual was characterized by the total number of affected (K-L≥2) joints (NAJ). The prevalence of hand OA was defined as the presence of at least one affected joint. Morbidity data were attained from their medical records and divided into 9 categories by a research physician. The longevity index was calculated as a ratio of the number of individuals aged >90 years versus the number of people aged >60, expressed in per mills (‰). The population with the longevity index >40‰ was considered as the longevity population. Statistical analyses included the prevalence estimation and ANOVA. <i>Results</i>: Radiographic hand OA was statistically significantly and positively associated with the ischemic heart disease. A significant difference in the age standardized prevalence of hand OA was found between each pair of the studied samples, except between the Chuvashians, Russians and Georgians and between the Azerbaijanis and Abkhazians. The lowest prevalence was found in the Abkhazians followed by the Azerbaijanis and Georgians. The highest prevalence was found in the Chuvashians. ANOVA showed significant differences between the age-adjusted means of NAJs. The lowest age-adjusted NAJ was found in the Abkhazian population followed by the Azerbaijanis and Georgians. The highest NAJ was found in the Chuvashians. <i>Conclusions</i>: The results of our study showed association between ischemic heart diseases and hand OA. Longevity populations showed lower hand OA prevalence and NAJ compared to a non-longevity population, that can be interpreted as that longevity populations age slower. Additional follow-up studies are needed to verify this hypothesis

Multivariate analysis of the blood pressure variability in Bedouin tribes of South Sinai

Objective: to study intertribal and age-related variability of blood pressure values relative to the body mass index (hereinafter – BMI) in Bedouin tribes of the South Sinai using variance analysis and canonical discriminant analysis. Materials and methods. The samples based on physiological parameters (systolic and diastolic pressure, pulse pressure, and grip strength of the right and left hands) included 304 male and 68 female adults of Gebeliya, Muzeina, and Hamada tribes, and a combined group of representatives of various small tribes referred to as “Others”. Body length, body weight, grip strength of the right and the left hands of 482 adult males and 96 adult females were studied.Results. The studied Bedouin group, with its reduced weight and height values, stands out against the homogenous Middle East background. The performed variance analysis for the male sample revealed significant (p<0.05) intertribal differences in such parameters as grip strength of the right and the left hands, diastolic pressure, pulse pressure, and BMI. The increased hypertension rate was found in the age cohort of 19–29, probably due to their increased exposure to the stress associated with the ongoing social changes. According to the canonical discriminant analysis of the male sample, the Wilks’ lambda value was 0.72, and the intergroup variability was comparable to the intragroup variability.Conclusions. The problem of obesity is non-existent in the Bedouins residing in the South of Sinai. In the South Sinai Bedouin group, no significant correlation was revealed between the blood pressure and body mass index values. This fact is accounted for by the emaciation of the population. The authors tend to explain the low pulse pressure value in men (39.2 mm Hg) by the increased peripheral vascular resistance. With the significant degree of transgression in the tribal population, the canonical discriminant analysis showed a minor incongruity in the first canonical variable. The result of the multivariate study of physiological parameters is consistent with our primary hypothesis on the ambiguity of intertribal differences in the groups living under similar environmental conditions. While not denying the existence of some individual mosaic distinctions in the Bedouin tribes, the results of the performed multivariate analysis prove the intertribal differences in the current set of physiological parameters to be insignificant

Inheritance of Dermatoglyphic Asymmetry and Diversity Traits in Twins Based on Factor: Variance Decomposition Analysis

Dermatoglyphic asymmetry and diversity traits from a large number of twins (MZ and DZ) were analyzed based on principal factors to evaluate genetic effects and common familial environmental influences on twin data by the use of maximum likelihood-based Variance decomposition analysis. Sample consists of monozygotic (MZ) twins of two sexes (102 male pairs and 138 female pairs) and 120 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) female twins. All asymmetry (DA and FA) and diversity of dermatoglyphic traits were clearly separated into factors. These are perfectly corroborated with the earlier studies 1–3 in different ethnic populations, which indicate a common biological validity perhaps exists of the underlying component structures of dermatoglyphic characters. Our heritability result in twins clearly showed that DA_F2 is inherited mostly in dominant type (28.0%) and FA_F1 is additive (60.7%), but no significant difference in sexes was observed for these factors. Inheritance is also very prominent in diversity Factor 1, which is exactly corroborated with our previous findings4. The present results are similar with the earlier results of finger ridge count diversity in twin data5, which suggested that finger ridge count diversity is under genetic control

Finger length ratio and body composition in Chuvashians

Very few studies that evaluated the association between finger length ratio and body composition in adult population showed very diverse results. We carried out a radiographic study on a large population sample who had participated in a Chuvashian skeletal aging study investigating different aspects of skeletal aging. The aims of this study were to evaluate the association between 2D:4D ratio and various indices of body composition in Chuvashian males and females. The study sample included 802 males (mean age 46.98±17.10 years) and 783 females (mean age 48.65±16.62 years). Single plain radiographs of both hands were taken. Each hand was classified according to whether the index finger was longer (Type 1), equal to (Type 2) or shorter than the ring finger (Type 3) by visual comparison of the soft tissue outline of the finger ends on the radiograph. Anthropometry, including body weight, stature, and six circumferences from the body trunk and extremities were taken from each participant. We found no evidence of substantial associations between visually assessed finger length ratio and adult BMI, WC, hip and chest circumferences, WHT and WCR for men and women. These results suggest that associations between finger length ratio and hormone-related diseases and disorders can be interpreted directly, independent of any mediating effects of adult body composition parameters

Sexual Dimorphism in the Chuvashian Population of Russia in Two Types of Dermatoglyphic Traits: Principal Component Analysis

With the aim of determining sexual dimorphism in the component structures among the Chuvashian population of Russia, finger and palmar dermatoglyphics of 547 individuals (293 males, 254 females) were analyzed. The sex differences in two categories of dermatoglyphic traits (22 quantitative traits and 38 asymmetry and diversity traits) are reflected differently and contradictory with other ethnic groups. However, a common feature of the factor 1 »digital pattern size factor« (finger ridge counts from the first category of traits) indicate its degree of universality when compared with other populations, which suggests that the variability of finger ridge counts is determined by the same genes that control the pattern types. The factors »intra-individual finger diversity factor«, and »bi-lateral asymmetry factor« extracted from the second category of dermatoglyphic traits are also similar in both sexes. However, these components are hardly described in the literature. The nature of variation of these components (from two categories of dermatoglyphic traits) appears with a good similarity between sexes, which suggests their common biological validity of the underlying component structures of the finger and palmar dermatoglyphic characters

Finger length ratio and body composition in Chuvashians

Very few studies that evaluated the association between finger length ratio and body composition in adult population showed very diverse results. We carried out a radiographic study on a large population sample who had participated in a Chuvashian skeletal aging study investigating different aspects of skeletal aging. The aims of this study were to evaluate the association between 2D:4D ratio and various indices of body composition in Chuvashian males and females. The study sample included 802 males (mean age 46.98±17.10 years) and 783 females (mean age 48.65±16.62 years). Single plain radiographs of both hands were taken. Each hand was classified according to whether the index finger was longer (Type 1), equal to (Type 2) or shorter than the ring finger (Type 3) by visual comparison of the soft tissue outline of the finger ends on the radiograph. Anthropometry, including body weight, stature, and six circumferences from the body trunk and extremities were taken from each participant. We found no evidence of substantial associations between visually assessed finger length ratio and adult BMI, WC, hip and chest circumferences, WHT and WCR for men and women. These results suggest that associations between finger length ratio and hormone-related diseases and disorders can be interpreted directly, independent of any mediating effects of adult body composition parameters