87 research outputs found
EBSD characterisation of Y2Ba4CuUOx phase in melttextured YBCO with addition of depleted uranium oxide
Melt-textured YBCO samples processed with added Y2O3 and depleted uranium oxide (DU) contain nano-particles, which have been identified previously as Y2Ba4CuUOx (U-411). This phase has a cubic unit cell, which is clearly distinct from the orthorhombic Y-123 and Y-211 phases within the YBCO system. In samples with a high amount of DU addition (0.8 wt-% DU), U-2411 particles have sizes between 200 nm and several νm, so identification of the Kikuchi patterns of this phase becomes possible. Together with a parallel EDX analysis, the particles embedded in the Y-123 matrix can be identified unambiguously. In this way, a three-phase EBSD scan becomes possible, allowing also the identification of nanometre-sized particles in the sample microstructure
Analysis of melt-textured YBCO with nanoscale inclusions
Recently, particles with the chemical composition Y2Ba 4CuMOx where M U, Nb, Zr, etc., and sizes in the range of 50 - 200 nm have been generated within the YBCO matrix of bulk, melt-processed superconductors in order to serve as effective flux pinning sites. By means of AFM and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements, we analyse the spatial distribution and the size distribution of these nanoparticles within the superconducting YBCO matrix
Investigation of grain orientations of melt-textured HTSC with addition of uranium oxide, Y2O3 and Y2BaCuO5
Local grain orientations were studied in melt-textured YBCO samples processed with various amounts of depleted uranuim oxide (DU) and Y 2O3 by means of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The addition of DU leads to the formation of Ucontaining nanoparticles (Y2Ba4CuUOx) with sizes of around 200 nm, embedded in the superconducting Y-123 matrix. The orientation of the Y 2BaCuO5 (Y-211) particles, which are also present in the YBCO bulk microstructure, is generally random as is the case in other melttextured Y-123 samples. The presence of Y-211 particles, however, also affects the orientation of the Y-123 matrix in these samples
Calculation of Tc of Superconducting Elements with the Roeser–Huber Formalism
The superconducting transition temperature, Tc, can be calculated for practically all superconducting elements using the Roeser–Huber formalism. Superconductivity is treated as a resonance
effect between the charge carrier wave, i.e., the Cooper pairs, and a characteristic distance, x, in
the crystal structure. To calculate Tc for element superconductors, only x and information on the
electronic configuration is required. Here, we lay out the principles to find the characteristic lengths,
which may require us to sum up the results stemming from several possible paths in the case of more
complicated crystal structures. In this way, we establish a non-trivial relation between superconductivity and the respective crystal structure. The model enables a detailed study of polymorphic
elements showing superconductivity in different types of crystal structures like Hg or La, or the
calculation of Tc under applied pressure. Using the Roeser–Huber approach, the structure-dependent
different Tc’s of practically all superconducting elements can nicely be reproduced, demonstrating
the usefulness of this approach offering an easy and relatively simple calculation procedure, which
can be straightforwardly incorporated in machine-learning approaches
Superconductivity 2022
Superconductivity in metals and alloys, i.e., conventional superconductivity, has seen many
new developments in recent years, leading to a renewed interest in the principles of superconductivity
and the search for new materials. The most striking discoveries include the near-room-temperature
superconductivity in metal hydrides (LaH10) under pressure, the extreme stability of superconduc tivity in NbTi up to 261 GPa pressure, the discovery of high-entropy alloy (HEA) superconductor
materials, and the machine learning prediction of new superconducting materials. Other interesting
research concerns the properties of 2D superconductors, topological superconductors, e.g., in hybrid
systems, and the use of nanotechnology to create nanowires and nanostructures with new properties.
Furthermore, and most importantly, the drive from new accelerator and fusion reactors for stronger
superconducting magnets has lead to improved cable materials, showing the highest critical current
densities ever. Thus, this Special Issue aims to bring together a collection of papers reflecting the
present activity in this field
Fabrication of Superconducting Nanowires Using the Template Method
The fabrication and characterization of superconducting nanowires fabricated by the anodic
aluminium oxide (AAO) template technique has been reviewed. This templating method was applied
to conventional metallic superconductors, as well as to several high-temperature superconductors
(HTSc). For filling the templates with superconducting material, several different techniques have
been applied in the literature, including electrodeposition, sol-gel techniques, sputtering, and melting.
Here, we discuss the various superconducting materials employed and the results obtained. The
arising problems in the fabrication process and the difficulties concerning the separation of the
nanowires from the templates are pointed out in detail. Furthermore, we compare HTSc nanowires
prepared by AAO templating and electrospinning with each other, and give an outlook to further
research directions
(RE)Ba2Cu3O7−δ and the Roeser-Huber Formula
We apply the Roeser–Huber formula to the (RE)Ba2Cu3O7−δ
(REBCO with RE= rare earths)
high-Tc superconducting material class to calculate the superconducting transition temperature, Tc,
using the electronic configuration and the crystallographic data. In a former publication (H. P. Roeser
et al., Acta Astronautica 2008, 62, 733–736), the basic idea was described and Tc was successfully
calculated for the YBa2Cu3O7−δ compound with two oxygen doping levels δ = 0.04 and 0.45, but
several open questions remained. One of the problems remaining was the determination of Tc for
the δ = 0.45 sample, which can be explained regarding the various oxygen arrangements being
possible within the copper-oxide plane. Having established this proper relation and using the various
crystallographic data on the REBCO system available in the literature, we show that the Roeser–
Huber equation is capable to calculate the Tc of the various REBCO compounds and the effects
of strain and pressure on Tc, when preparing thin film samples. Furthermore, the characteristic
length, x, determined for the REBCO systems sheds light on the size of the δTc-pinning sites being
responsible for additional flux pinning and the peak effect
Microstructure analysis of electrospun La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 nanowires using electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD)
The microstructural properties of electrospun La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSMO) nanofibers were investigated using electron microscopy and electron
backscatter diffraction (EBSD). By means of EBSD, it is possible to measure the crystallographic orientation of the LSMO grains within an
individual nanofiber. As the LSMO grains within the nanofibers are in the 10-nm range, we employ here parts of the recently developed transmission Kikuchi diffraction technique in order to enhance the Kikuchi pattern quality to enable an automated mapping of the crystallographic
data. The diffraction results demonstrate that the grain orientation is not random, but there is a texture induced by the shape of the polymer
nanofiber formed after the electrospinning step. Within an individual nanofiber section, the dominating grain boundaries are high-angle ones,
which play an important role in the current flow through the sample (low- and high field magnetoresistance). The data obtained allow further
an analysis of the grain shape aspect ratio, and elucidate the grain and grain boundary arrangement within electrospun LSMO nanofibers
Pinning Force Scaling Analysis of Polycrystalline MgB2
Flux pinning force scaling f=Fp/Fp,max vs. h = Ha/Hirr was performed on a variety of pure MgB2 samples, including a spark plasma sintered (SPS) one and a series of samples sintered at various reaction temperatures ranging between 775 and 950 ∘C. The SPS sample exhibits a well-developed scaling at all temperatures, and also the sintered samples prepared at 950 ∘C; however, the obtained peak positions of the pinning force scalings are distinctly different: The SPS sample reveals dominating pinning at grain boundaries, whereas the dominating pinning for the other one is point-pinning. All other samples studied reveal an apparent non-scaling of the pinning forces. The obtained pinning parameters are discussed in the framework of the Dew–Hughes’ pinning force scaling approach
Microstructure and Flux Pinning of Reacted-and-Pressed, Polycrystalline Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2 Powders
The flux pinning properties of reacted-and-pressed Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2 powder were measured
using magnetic hysteresis loops in the temperature range 20 K ≤ T ≤ 35 K. The scaling analysis
of the flux pinning forces (Fp = jc × B, with jc denoting the critical current density) following the
Dew-Hughes model reveals a dominant flux pinning provided by normal-conducting point defects
(δl-pinning) with only small irreversibility fields, Hirr, ranging between 0.5 T (35 K) and 16 T (20 K).
Kramer plots demonstrate a linear behavior above an applied field of 0.6 T. The samples were further
characterized by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis to elucidate the origin of the flux
pinning. We compare our data with results of Weiss et al. (bulks) and Yao et al. (tapes), revealing
that the dominant flux pinning in the samples for applications is provided mainly by grain boundary
pinning, created by the densification procedures and the mechanical deformation applied
- …