Entre pédagogie politique et démagogie populiste

BETWEEN POLITICAL PEDAGOGY AND POPULIST DEMAGOGY The recurrent calls made upon the people in political discourse can be submitted to a « dramaturgical analysis » : what is the role that these appeals lend to the people in relation to the ruling elite ? Semiotic analysis constitutes a grid for apprehending populism, a form of discourse that also raises the problem of the relation between the political class and the people. The analysis will conclude by evoking the strange ideological affinity between populist rhetoric and the democratic ideal.ENTRE PEDAGOGIE POLITIQUE ET DEMAGOGIE POPULISTE Les appels faits au peuple, récurrents dans le discours politique, peuvent être soumis à une « analyse dramaturgique » : quel est le rôle prêté au peuple vis-à-vis de l'élite dirigeante dans ces appels ? L'analyse sémiotique constitue une grille pour appréhender le populisme qui pose lui aussi le problème du rapport entre la classe politique et le peuple. On concluera par l'évocation de l'étrange affinité idéologique entre la rhétorique populiste et l'idéal démocratique.ENTRE PEDAGOGÍA POLITÍCA Y DEMAGOGÍA POPULISTA Los llamamientos hechos en dirección del pueblo, récurrentes en el discurso politico, pueden someterse a un análisis dramatúrgico : ¿cuál es el papel consentido al pueblo frente a la élite dirigente ? Igualmente, el análisis semiótico constituye un marco para la aprehensión del populisme que plantea el problema de la relación existente entre la clase política y el pueblo. Para acabar, se evocará la extraňa afinidad ideológica entre la retórica populista y el ideal democrático.Kobi Silvia. Entre pédagogie politique et démagogie populiste. In: Mots, n°43, juin 1995. Acte d'autorité, discours autoritaires, sous la direction de Carmen Pineira et Gabriel Périès. pp. 33-50

Democracy and decentralisation A British-Swiss contribution to the debate on the future of Europe : propositions by the British-Swiss Steering Committee on Democracy and Decentralisation : David Beattie, David Beetham, Clive Church, Nicolas Michel, Rene Rhinow, Anthony Rowlands, Bruno Spinner

Includes bibliographical referencesAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:m03/25082 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

3D Cultures of Parkinson's Disease‐Specific Dopaminergic Neurons for High Content Phenotyping and Drug Testing

Parkinson's disease (PD)‐specific neurons, grown in standard 2D cultures, typically only display weak endophenotypes. The cultivation of PD patient‐specific neurons, derived from induced pluripotent stem cells carrying the LRRK2‐G2019S mutation, is optimized in 3D microfluidics. The automated image analysis algorithms are implemented to enable pharmacophenomics in disease‐relevant conditions. In contrast to 2D cultures, this 3D approach reveals robust endophenotypes. High‐content imaging data show decreased dopaminergic differentiation and branching complexity, altered mitochondrial morphology, and increased cell death in LRRK2‐G2019S neurons compared to isogenic lines without using stressor agents. Treatment with the LRRK2 inhibitor 2 (Inh2) rescues LRRK2‐G2019S‐dependent dopaminergic phenotypes. Strikingly, a holistic analysis of all studied features shows that the genetic background of the PD patients, and not the LRRK2‐G2019S mutation, constitutes the strongest contribution to the phenotypes. These data support the use of advanced in vitro models for future patient stratification and personalized drug development