Penetration of the Optic Nerve or Chiasm by Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms: Three Case Reports

Although large and giant aneurysms can induce visual disturbance by compression of the anterior visual pathway, splitting and penetration of the optic apparatus are extremely rare. The authors describe three patients who underwent clipping surgery for anterior communicating artery aneurysm infiltrating into the optic nerve or chiasm. These findings were suspected on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and confirmed at surgery. Two aneurysms were ruptured and one unruptured. The authors review the literature and discuss the mechanism of cranial nerve penetration by an aneurysm.ArticleNEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY. 35(3):128-132 (2011)journal articl

Enhanced AKT Phosphorylation of Circulating B Cells in Patients With Activated PI3Kδ Syndrome

Activated PI3Kδ syndrome (APDS) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent respiratory tract infections, lymphoproliferation, and defective IgG production. Heterozygous mutations in PIK3CD, PIK3R1, or PTEN, which are related to the hyperactive phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling, were recently presented to cause APDS1 or APDS2 (APDSs), or APDS-like (APDS-L) disorder. In this study, we examined the AKT phosphorylation of peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes in patients with APDSs and APDS-L by using flow cytometry. CD19+ B cells of peripheral blood in APDS2 patients showed the enhanced phosphorylation of AKT at Ser473 (pAKT) without any specific stimulation. The enhanced pAKT in CD19+ B cells was normalized by the addition of a p110δ inhibitor. In contrast, CD3+ T cells and CD14+ monocytes did not show the enhanced pAKT in the absence of stimulation. These findings were similarly observed in patients with APDS1 and APDS-L. Among CD19+ B cells, enhanced pAKT was prominently detected in CD10+ immature B cells compared with CD10− mature B cells. Enhanced pAKT was not observed in B cells of healthy controls, patients with common variable immunodeficiency, and hyper IgM syndrome due to CD40L deficiency. These results suggest that the enhanced pAKT in circulating B cells may be useful for the discrimination of APDS1, APDS2, and APDS-L from other antibody deficiencies.The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00568/full#supplementary-material.This study was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (16H05355 and 16K15528 to SO, 17H04233 to SN), the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan (17933299 to SN), and Practical Research Project for Rare/Intractable Diseases from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, AMED

Penetration of the Optic Nerve or Chiasm by Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms: Three Case Reports

Although large and giant aneurysms can induce visual disturbance by compression of the anterior visual pathway, splitting and penetration of the optic apparatus are extremely rare. The authors describe three patients who underwent clipping surgery for anterior communicating artery aneurysm infiltrating into the optic nerve or chiasm. These findings were suspected on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and confirmed at surgery. Two aneurysms were ruptured and one unruptured. The authors review the literature and discuss the mechanism of cranial nerve penetration by an aneurysm.ArticleNEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY. 35(3):128-132 (2011)journal articl

Lamellibrachia sagami sp. nov., a new vestimentiferan tubeworm (Annelida: Siboglinidae) from Sagami Bay and several sites in the northwestern Pacific Ocean

Kobayashi, Genki, Miura, Tomoyuki, Kojima, Shigeaki (2015): Lamellibrachia sagami sp. nov., a new vestimentiferan tubeworm (Annelida: Siboglinidae) from Sagami Bay and several sites in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Zootaxa 4018 (1): 97-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4018.1.

Lamellibrachia Webb 1969, sp. nov.

Genus <i>Lamellibrachia</i> Webb, 1969 <p> <i>Lamellibrachia sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Figs. 2−5)</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia</i> sp. (La-Ld): Kojima <i>et al.</i> 1997, 507–513.</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia</i> sp. L1: Kojima <i>et al.</i> 2000, 7–13; Kojima <i>et al</i>. 2001, 211–219; Kojima <i>et al</i>. 2002, 57–64; Kojima <i>et al</i>. 2003, 625–635; Kojima <i>et al</i>. 2006, 1357–1361; Miura & Kojima 2006, 209–224; Fujikura <i>et al</i>. 2008, 57–80, Figs. 3.10., 3.13., 3.19.; Miura & Fujikura 2008, 153, Fig. 9.3. A–C.</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia</i> sp. (Sagami Bay, 300 and 1200 m): Andersen <i>et al</i>. 2004, 980–999.</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia</i> sp. (Nankai Trough): Hilário <i>et al</i>. 2011, 200–207.</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia</i> sp. (Nankai Trough, 1200 m): McMullin <i>et al.</i> 2003, 1–41; Gardiner <i>et al</i>. 2001, 694–707.</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia</i> sp. Sagami: Southward <i>et al.</i> 2011, 245–279.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype: off Hatsushima, Sagami Bay, female, 39° 0.95′ N, 139° 13.32′ E, 853 m, <i>Hyper- Dolphin</i> Dive HPD #0928 during <i>Natsushima</i> NT08–25 cruise, 17 Dec 2008, NSMT-Pol H-593, JAMSTEC No. 0 79102. Paratypes: off Hatsushima, Sagami Bay during four dives, three males and two females, the same catch as the holotype, NSMT-Pol P-594, NSMT-Pol P-595, JAMSTEC No. 0 79069, 0 79073, respectively, and JAMSTEC No. 0 79098, 0 79100, 079109; two males and a female, 35° 0.00′ N, 139° 13.50′ E, 1170 m, <i>Dolphin 3K</i> Dive 3K#0190 during <i>Natsushima</i> NT94–04 cruise, 22 Sep 1994, NSMT-Pol P-596, JAMSTEC No. 79842; three males and a female, 35° 0.77′ N, 139° 13.65′ E, 937 m, <i>Shinkai 2000</i> Dive 2K#1203 during <i>Natsushima</i> NT00–08 cruise, 10 Jul 2000, JAMSTEC No. 26480−26483; five females, 35° 0.76′ N, 139° 13.49′ E, 850 m, <i>Shinkai 2000</i> Dive 2K#1203 during <i>Natsushima</i> NT00–08 cruise, 10 Jul 2000, NSMT-Pol P-597, JAMSTEC No 026501−026507. Non-type specimens: a male, off Hatsushima, Sagami Bay, 35° 00.00′ N, 139° 13.50′ E, 1160 m, <i>Natsushima</i> NT86–02 cruise <i>Shinkai 2000</i> Dive2K#222, 27 May 1986, JAMSTEC No. 80467; a female, the Daini Tenryu Knoll, the Nankai Trough, 34° 04.61′ N, 137° 47.27′ E, 606 m, <i>Hyper-Dolphin</i> Dive HPD #1655 during <i>Natsushima</i> NT14−07 cruise, 25 Apr 2014, JAMSTEC No. 1140043315.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Tube length 277.0– 661.5 mm (mean= 545.7 mm, n=4); outer width of top funnel opening 9.5– 11.2 mm (n=4); width of basal end 2.8–7.8 mm (mean= 4.5 mm, n=4). All tubes incomplete, lacking considerable parts of basal regions. External characters of tube variable along its length (Fig. 3). Anterior part straight or slightly curved, but not coiled, with many short collars. Inter-collar distance generally small but varying among specimens. Posterior part sinuous, curled, smooth, without collars.</p> <p>Obturaculum length 5.8–22.5 mm (mean=17.0 mm, n=18); width 4.4–10.8 mm (mean= 8.1 mm, n=18), with bare anterior face, lacking any secreted structure (Figs. 4 A, B). Lateral surface of obturaculum surrounded by branchial plumes. Three to six pairs of outer sheath lamellae (mean=4.4, n=17) present. Branchial lamellae with ciliated pinnules enclosed by sheath lamellae, number of pairs 19–26 (mean=23.2, n=17). Ratio of number of branchial lamellae pairs to obturaculum width (BL/OW) varying from 2.0−5.5 (mean=3.0, n=17).</p> <p>Vestimentum length 32.0– 84.5 mm (mean=58.0 mm, n=18); width 3.5–7.3 mm (mean=5.0 mm, n=18). Anterior edge of vestimentum forming centrally split collar-like fold extending outwardly (Fig. 4 A). Dorsal paired genital ciliated grooves running along most length of vestimentum and flanked by conspicuous narrow epidermal folds in males; without epidermal folds in females. Ventral surface of vestimentum covered by numerous cuticular plaques, with narrow central ciliated field (Figs 4 C, 5A). Posterior ends of vestimental folds separated centrally and rounded distally with tongue-like extensions.</p> <p>All specimens lacking considerable posterior trunk parts. Trunk (Fig. 4 D) filled with fragile tissue; surface covered entirely by cuticular plaques (Fig. 5 B) except midventral and middorsal seam-like lines. Opisthosome not observed.</p> <p>Vestimental plaques from 17 specimens ranging in diameter from 59–101µm (mean=77.4 µm; SD=8.3; n=170). Trunk plaques from 17 specimens ranging in diameter 67−130 µm (mean=94.0 µm; SD=11.7; n=170).</p> <p> <b>Type-locality.</b> Off Hatsushima in Sagami Bay, 853 m deep.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet <i>sagami</i>, as noun in apposition, refers to the province name of the Edo period for Kanagawa, the coastal area of Sagami Bay, the type locality.</p> <p> <b>Comparison with specimens from non-type localities.</b> The COI sequence and the morphology of a specimen collected from the Daini Tenryu Knoll (JAMSTEC No. 1140043315) was examined. Its COI sequence (626bp) was identical to the sequence of 22 specimens (Haplotypes A and D) from the type locality of the new species (Kojima <i>et al.</i> 2001). Judging from the diameter of vestimental and trunk plaques and the number of branchial lamellae and sheath lamellae, it was also thought to be the new species (Table 1).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Based on the COI sequence (Kojima <i>et al</i>. 2001; Miura & Fujikura 2008), the species is known from cold seep areas off Hatsushima and on the Okinoyama Bank, Sagami Bay, the Kanesu-no-se Bank, the Ryuyo Canyon, the Omaezaki Spur and the Tenryu Knoll, the Nankai Trough, and the Kuroshima Knoll, the Ryukyu Trench between 270–1300 m (Fig. 1). It is also known from hydrothermal vent fields on the Iheya Ridge and the North Iheya Knoll, the Okinawa Trough, and the Sumisu Caldera, the Izu-Bonin arc between 900–1500 m depth (Kojima <i>et al</i>. 2001; Miura & Fujikura 2008).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> All species of the genus <i>Lamellibrachia</i> are distinguishable by the sequence data for COI (Southward <i>et al.</i> 2011) with the exception of <i>L</i>. <i>victori</i> for which sequence data are not available. In this study, we compare morphologically the new species with other congeneric species.</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> differs morphologically from other known congeneric species in the diameter of cuticular plaques, the number of branchial lamellae and sheath lamellae (Table 1). There was no significant correlation between mean of the vestimental plaques diameters and the body size (the length and width of obturaculum and vestimentum), and between the trunk plaques diameters and the body size in each specimen of <i>L. sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Spearman rank correlation, 17 type specimens and two non-type specimens, P>0.05). Also the number of branchial lamellae and sheath lamellae were not correlated with the body size (Spearman rank correlation, 18 type specimens and two non-type specimens, P>0.05). These suggest that in adults, the diameter of plaques, and the number of branchial lamellae and sheath lamellae are independent of the growth and we, therefore used them for morphological comparison in the genus.</p> <p>specimen n OL OW BL SL VP TP</p> <p>mm mm plaque diameter plaque diameter n (µm) n (µm)</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia sagami</i> sp. nov.</p> <p>6 2.7–3.9 17–25</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia juni</i> 8 6.6–12.9 5.2–8.3 22–35 2–3 87 –99*7 80–98*7 <i>Lamellibrachia anaximandri</i> 26 5.5–17 1.8– 6 8–19 3–9 55–70*6 60–95*6 <i>……continued on the next page</i> BL/OW References</p> <p>range mean</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia sagami</i> sp. nov.</p> <p>: obturacular length, OW: obturacular width, BL: number of branchial lamellae, SL: number of sheath lamellae, /TP: vestimental/trunk plaques. Blanks: no data.</p> <p>: specimen n=16; *2: specimen n=1; *3: specimen n=5; *4: specimen n=53; *5: specimen n=57; *6: specimen n not mentioned in the paper; *7: specimen n=4, referred to the plaque width in the text; *8: calculated in this study.</p> <p> At the continental margins in the Pacific, <i>L. sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>L. barhami</i> and <i>L. satsuma</i> differ one another in the diameter of vestimental plaques (Table 1); 59–101 µm in <i>L. sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, 60–150 µm in <i>L. barhami</i> (Southward <i>et al</i>. 2011) and 35–63 µm in <i>L. satsuma</i> (Miura <i>et al</i>. 1997), and in that of the trunk ones; 67–130 µm, 115–160 µm and 51–82 µm, respectively.</p> <p> In the South Pacific, <i>L</i>. <i>sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>L. columna</i> and <i>L. juni</i> are distinguishable by the number of sheath lamellae (Table 1); 8–16 pairs in <i>L. columna</i> and two or three pairs in <i>L. juni</i> (Southward 1991) while three to six pairs in <i>L</i>. <i>sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>. Although some specimens of <i>L. juni</i> and <i>L. sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> have three pairs of sheath lamellae (Miura & Kojima 2006), the new species has a smaller number of branchial lamellae.</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> differs from <i>L. luymesi</i> known from the Atlantic and <i>L. anaximandri</i> found in the Mediterranean in the diameter of plaques (Table 1). The diameter of vestimental plaques vary 59–101 µm in <i>L</i>. <i>sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, whereas 55–60 µm in <i>L</i>. <i>luymesi</i> and 55–70 µm in <i>L. anaximandri</i>; that of trunk ones 67–130 µm in <i>L. sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> whereas 75–85 µm in <i>L. luymesi</i> (Southward <i>et al</i>. 2011). <i>Lamellibrachia anaximandri</i> has fewer branchial lamellae than <i>L. sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>. <i>Lamellibrachia victori</i> has seven pairs of sheath lamellae (Mañé- Garzón & Montero 1985) and differs from <i>L</i>. <i>sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, in having three to six pairs (Table 1).</p> <p> Additionally, the BL/OW ratio significantly differs from each other in ranging 2.0– 5.5 in <i>L. sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, 4.7–7.8 in <i>L. satsuma</i>, 2.7–4.6 in <i>L. juni</i> (Steel-Dwass test, n=17, 6, 8, respectively, P<0.05).</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, has been thus demonstrated to be new to science.</p>Published as part of <i>Kobayashi, Genki, Miura, Tomoyuki & Kojima, Shigeaki, 2015, Lamellibrachia sagami sp. nov., a new vestimentiferan tubeworm (Annelida: Siboglinidae) from Sagami Bay and several sites in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, pp. 97-108 in Zootaxa 4018 (1)</i> on pages 99-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4018.1.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/237567">http://zenodo.org/record/237567</a&gt