Kdm6a欠失は炎症経路を活性化し、M2マクロファージ極性変化を誘導し、p53機能不全と協調して膀胱癌を発症する。

内容の要旨、審査の要旨広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(医学)Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Sciencedoctora

Effect on hemostasis of an absorbable hemostatic gelatin sponge after transrectal prostate needle biopsy

Objectives To examine the usefulness of an absorbable hemostatic gelatin sponge for hemostasis after transrectal prostate needle biopsy. Subjects and Methods The subjects comprised 278 participants who underwent transrectal prostate needle biopsy. They were randomly allocated to the gelatin sponge insertion group (group A: 148 participants) and to the non-insertion group (group B: 130 participants). In group A, the gelatin sponge was inserted into the rectum immediately after biopsy. A biopsy-induced hemorrhage was defined as a case in which a subject complained of bleeding from the rectum, and excretion of blood clots was confirmed. A blood test was performed before and after biopsy, and a questionnaire survey was given after the biopsy. Results Significantly fewer participants in group A required hemostasis after biopsy compared to group B (3 (2.0%) vs. 11 (8.5%), P=0.029). The results of the blood tests and the responses from the questionnaire did not differ significantly between the two groups. In multivariate analysis, only “insertion of a gelatin sponge into the rectum” emerged as a significant predictor of hemostasis. Conclusion Insertion of a gelatin sponge into the rectum after transrectal prostate needle biopsy significantly increases hemostasis without increasing patient symptoms, such as pain and a sense of discomfort

Edge-to-Center Propagation of Photochemical Reaction during Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Photomechanical Transformation of 2,5-Distyrylpyrazine Crystals

Photomechanical molecular crystals are promising materials as photon-powered artificial actuators. To design and control the photomechanical responses, the spatiotemporal distribution of photoproducts in crystals could be a key factor in addition to molecular structures, molecular packings, illumination conditions, crystal morphology, crystal size, and so on. In this study, we have found that single crystals of 2,5-distyrylpyrazine show a smooth single-crystal-to-single-crystal photomechanical expansion, and the photochemical reaction propagates from the edge to the center of the single crystal. Moreover, we have performed a numerical simulation to reproduce the experimental results and revealed that both the cooperativity effect and the surface effect in the crystal are essential for the edge-to-center propagation of the photochemical reaction. Our results would provide a framework for analyzing the photochemical reaction dynamics in photoresponsive single crystals and a benchmark for future studies of photomechanical molecular crystals

Correlating Reaction Dynamics and Size Change during the Photomechanical Transformation of 9-Methylanthracene Single Crystals

Photomechanical molecular crystals that expand under illumination could potentially be used as photon-powered actuators. In this study, we find that the use of high-quality single crystals of 9-methylanthracene (9MA) leads to more homogeneous reaction kinetics than that previously seen for polycrystalline samples, presumably due to a lower concentration of defects. Furthermore, simultaneous observation of absorbance and shape changes in single crystals revealed that the dimensional change mirrors the reaction progress, resulting in a smooth expansion of 7 % along the c-axis that is linearly correlated with reaction progress. The same expansion dynamics are highly reproducible across different single crystal samples. Organic single crystals exhibit well-defined linear expansions during 100 % photoconversion, suggesting that this class of solid-state phase change material could be used for actuation