Did You Get My Text? How text emojis impact perceptions of appropriateness, likeability, social dominance, and creepiness

Does the presence/absence of certain emojis impact perceptions of the sender? How do gendered combinations of sender/recipient impact perceptions of the appropriateness of emoji use? Six text message exchanges were composed by the lab members: a text message of a burgeoning relationship and text messages between two friends, roommates, or romantic partners. In a between-subjects design text messages were presented to one group with emojis present, and the other with different emojis or no emojis at all. The gender of the dyad (male/male, female/female, male/female) was also randomized in order to examine effects of gender on perceptions of emoji use