UTJECAJ RAZLIČITIH SUSTAVA OBRADE TLA NA POTROŠNJU GORIVA, UTROŠAK RADA I UROD U PROIZVODNJI KUKURUZA I OZIME PŠENICE

An experiment with five different tillage systems and their influence on fuel consumption, labour requirement and yield of tested crops was carried out on Albic Luvisol in northwest Slavonia in the period of 1996.-2000. The compared tillage systems were: 1. conventional tillage system (CT), 2. reduced tillage system (RT), 3. conservation tillage system I (CP), 4. conservation tillage system II (CM), 5. no-tillage system (NT). The crop rotation was maize (Zea mays L.) - winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) – maize – winter wheat. Comparing the fuel consumption to CT system, RT system consumed 6.8% less, CP system 12.1% less, CM system 27.4% less, while NT system consumed even 82.7% less fuel. The labour requirement showed that RT system saved 7.6%, while CP system required 21.8% less, CM system 38.6% less labour, respectively. NT system saved 81.7% of labour in comparison to CT system. The highest yield of maize in the first experimental year was achieved under CT system and the lowest under RT system. In all others experimental years the highest yield of winter wheat and maize was achieved under CM system, while the lowest under RT system.Pokus s pet različitih sustava obrade proveden je na praškasto ilovastom tlu na području sjeverozapadne Slavonije u razdoblju 1996.-2000., pri čemu je istraživan utjecaj na potrošnju goriva, utrošak rada i urod testiranih usjeva. Istraživani su sljedeći sustavi obrade tla: 1. konvencionalni sustav (CT), 2. reducirani sustav (RT), 3. konzervacijski sustav I (CP), 4. konzervacijski sustav II (CM), 5. sustav nulte obrade (NT). Plodored je bio sljedeći: kukuruz (Zea mays L.) – ozima pšenica (Triticum aestivum L.) – kukuruz – ozima pšenica. U usporedbi s konvencionalnim sustavom, reduciranim sustavom potrošeno je 6,8% manje goriva, konzervacijskim sustavom I 12,1% manje, konzervacijskim sustavom II 27,4%manje, dok je sustavom nulte obrade ostvarena manja potrošnja goriva za čak 82,7%. Istraživanje utroška rada pokazalo je da je reduciranim sustavom utrošeno 7,6% manje rada, konzervacijskim sustavom I 21,8% manje, konzervacijskim sustavom II 38,6% manje, a sustavom nulte obrade 81,7% manje rada, u usporedbi s konvencionalnim sustavom. Najveći urod kukuruza u prvoj pokusnoj godini ostvaren je konvencionalnim sustavom, a najmanji reduciranim sustavom obrade. U svim ostalim pokusnim godinama najveći urod ozime pšenice i kukuruza ostvaren je konzervacijskim sustavom II, a najmanji reduciranim sustavom obrade tla

Patient dosimetry in diagnostic radiology and dose measurement I practice - A pilot survey

The estimation of doses received by patients undergoing radiological examinations is presented. The results are presented, in terms of entrance surface doses (ESD) and effective dose to patients undergoing common X-ray examination.Conference on Applied Physics in Serbia, May 27-29, 2002, Belgrade, Yugoslavi

Removal of Glucocorticosteroids and Anesthetics from Waterwith RO/NF Membranes

This work addresses the removal of glucocorticosteroids (hydrocortisone, HYDRO; and dexamethasone, DEXA) and anesthetics (procaine, PROCA; and lidocaine, LIDO), from water with commercially available reverse osmosis/nanofiltration (RO/NF) membranes. The RO/NF experiments were of long-run type (24 h) in order to accomplish steady-state and to obtain accurate rejection of the selected compounds. The removal of the examined compounds with the RO (XLE, SWC1, LFC–1) and the tight NF (NF90) membranes was higher than 98 %. Relating the solute rejections to membranes\u27 properties has shown that the dominant rejection mechanism of the examined pharmaceuticals by all the membranes was the size exclusion effect. Rejection factors for hydrophilic HYDRO and DEXA compounds confirm that they do not adsorb onto the active layer of the selected membranes. LIDO and PROCA, slightly hydrophobic compounds, had lower rejections after 24 h treatment compared to initial values, and probable they were adsorbed onto polymeric matrix of active layers

Patient doses for barium meal examination in Serbia and Montenegro and potentials for dose reduction through changes in equipment settings

Patient doses for barium meal examination performed at three general hospitals, in Serbia and Montenegro were measured using a kerma-area product (KAP) meter. The results were analysed in order to obtain dose-related parameters. Although the observed doses were within the range reported in other studies, intra-hospital and inter-hospital dose variations were significant. Mean KAP values for total examination in three hospitals were 8.4, 24.4 and 13.9 Gy cm(2), respectively. Contribution from fluoroscopy was greater than from radiography. Factors contributing to the increased dose delivery were determined and the recommendations on radiographic techniques were made. Changes, in radiography settings allowed dose reduction up to 48% in the radiographic part of examination, that is. up to 12% in total dose without loss of image quality. In addition, fluoroscopy time was noted as the second major contributor to the dose variations. The results demonstrated the need for standardisation of practice for barium meal examination in the country.2nd Malmo Conference on Medical X-Ray Imaging, Apr 23-25, 2004, Malmo Univ Hosp, Malmo, Swede

A survey of patient doses from conventional diagnostic radiology examinations: first results from Serbia and Montenegro

Diagnostic reference levels provide framework to reduce variability. The aim of this study is to establish, for the first time, a baseline for national diagnostic reference levels in Serbia and Montenegro for the most common X-ray examination types. Measurements of patient dose using kerma-area product meter and entrance surface air kerma assessment were performed on at least ten patients for each examination type, in each of 16 randomly selected hospitals in Serbia and Montenegro, so that a total of 3,026 procedures for nine different examination categories were included in the survey. Exposure settings and individual data were recorded for each patient. Mean, median and third quartile values of patient doses are reported. Results have shown wide variation of mean hospital doses, with a factor of four for barium enema to 23 for thoracic spine radiography. Entrance surface air kerma were compared with previously published diagnostic reference levels (DRL) proposed by Commission of European Communities (CEC). Doses for all studied examination types except chest radiography were within European DRL. The reasons for dose variation are discussed. Survey data are aimed to help in development of an on-going national quality assurance and quality control programme in diagnostic radiology. The findings emphasize the importance of regular patient dose measurement to ensure that patient doses are kept as low as reasonable achievable

Oxidative Stress in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients After Radioiodine Treatment

BACKGROUND-AIM Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most rapidly diagnosed cancer worldwide and the most frequent endocrinemalignancy, comprised of differentiated subtypes, specifically papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. Thyroidectomyis currently the preferred treatment for DTC. However, adjuvant therapy in the form of radioactive iodine (131I) is oftenadministered to reduce the risk of tumor recurrence and to facilitate future cancer surveillance. As 131I treatmentadditionally might upregulate oxidative stress regularly observed in thyroid cancer patients, the aim of our study wasto investigate the alterations in the levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide anion (O2-), nitric oxide (NO) and activityof superoxide dismutase (SOD) in blood of DTC patients treated with 131I. METHODS All investigated parameters were determined with well-established spectrophotometric methods in blood samples ofthyroidectomized DTC patients obtained 0 (before), 3, 7 and 30 days after the 131I treatment. The treatment was orallyadministered once in the dose of 3.7 GBq. RESULTS Our results showed that, compared to the values before the therapy, SOD activity was significantly increased on the3th and 30th day after the 131I treatment alongwith the levels of GSH on 7th day. Other investigated oxidative stressindicators were unchanged. According to obtained data, in the blood of thyroidectomized DTC patients during the first30 days after the therapy, increased antioxidative capacity, reflected through upregulated SOD activity and GSH levels,might be sufficient to prevent the increase of O2- and NO and, in general, suppress the oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a better insight into individual antioxidant parameters fluctuations, thus contribute to a betterunderstanding of the redox mechanisms critical for 131I treatment outcomes, since an increase in the oxidative stressin the early stages of therapy can affect later health concerns and may represent a potential risk factor for cancerprogression in DTC patients.25th International congress of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poster Abstracts - WorldLab.EuroMedLab Roma 2023 – Rome, Italy, May 21-25, 202