Depression - an interdisciplinary problem of modern nursing. Case study

Introduction. Depression has become a civilization illness in recent years. Epidemiological data show an upward trend in the incidence of this illness, being often of unknown causality. Treatment of depression is multi-faceted, focused on minimizing the symptoms of the illness and psychological support. The nurse as a member of a therapeutic team is required to perform specific professional roles, i.e. therapeutic, remedial, educational, preventive and that of health promotion. Aim of the study. The aim of the study was to define the nurse's tasks regarding a patient with depression. Materials and methodology. The study was based on the case study method. An interview, nursing observation, measurement and documentation analysis were used as study techniques, and the study tools applied comprised: patient data collection guide, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Scale of Acceptance of Illness (AIS), The Nurses' Global Assessment of Suicide Risk (NGASR), MSE (Mental Status Examination) test, Body Evaluation Esteem Scale (BES). Findings. During the research process, 11 NANDA nursing diagnoses were determined regarding the patient's health problems. Due to the specificity and the course of the illness, the nursing plan, based on NIC, focuses more on the patient's mental state than on the aspects of somatic origin. Conclusions. The physical, social and mental condition of the patient with depression depends on the severity of the illness. Nursing problems result from the found clinical symptoms of the illness. The use of NNN (NANDA, NIC, NOC) allows the use of nursing interventions based on scientific evidence

Prehabilitation and nutritional interventions - an interdisciplinary perspective

Introduction: Nutrition is defined as the acquisition of exogenous nutrients. It is a basic need of a living organism. Malnutrition has become a problem for hospitalized patients, especially in the surgical ward. The condition leads to the deterioration of the patient's clinical performance and quality of life. Ongoing nursing interventions, particularly the use of parenteral or enteral nutrition, can reduce the risk of complications resulting from the inadequate nutrient supply.  Aim of the study: The purpose of this study is to analyze nutritional problems in the practice of a surgical nurse.  Material and method: A non-systematic review of the available literature on nutritional problems published in the last seven years (2015 - 2022) was conducted. Databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed were searched, using the following keywords: nutritional problems, malnutrition, nutritional treatment, surgical nursing, and hospital malnutrition.  Sixteen original and review papers were eligible for analysis. The criteria for qualifying articles for review were title, abstract content, keywords, and topics related to nutrition problems in the context of nursing practice.  Results and conclusions: Malnutrition is a serious problem in clinical practice.  Standardized scales NRS 2002, MUST, and MNA are used to correctly diagnose this problem. The nurse's role in caring for a patient with a nutritional deficit is to monitor the patient's condition, take anthropometric measurements and collect materials for diagnostic tests. This allows the correct selection of nutritional treatment individually for the patient. 

Premature sexual initiation - a problem or an everyday occurrence for today's adolescents

Human sexuality is a component of a holistic being, a biopsychosocial state, defined by the World Health Organization as health. It is manifested in aspects of relationship, desire, sexual behavior, orientation, among others.  Every year, more and more reports say that the age of sexual initiation is shifting towards younger years. It is worth noting that, according to analyses, the sexuality of the young does not differ from that of the 20th century. In boys, the motivation to engage in sexual activity is usually lust, in girls it is love and emotion. This condition is influenced by many factors: biological, genetic, environmental, family, as well as psychological factors like personality and temperament. The health care system should promote appropriate sexual behavior, along with sex education and awareness of the consequences of risky behavior, including those related to venereal aspects

Zaburzenia poznawcze i emocjonalne w przebiegu stwardnienia rozsianego – egzogenne i endogenne uwarunkowania, współczesne metody leczenia i profilaktyki

Multiple sclerosis (SM) is an autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The disease affects patients of all ages, with a higher incidence in women. The etiopathogenesis of SM is not fully understood — it is believed that autoreactive lymphocytes play a key role in the development of the disease, although genetic predisposition and environmental factors also play a role. Diagnosis is based on the McDonald criteria, and the disease has different clinical presentations. Treatment is based on immunomodulation, aims to control the disease, and prevent recurrence. Frequent symptoms of the disease are motor, sensory, and cognitive disorders. Cognitive impairment, which is common in multiple sclerosis patients, has numerous consequences in everyday life (mental, social, economic) that significantly reduce the quality of life. Psycho-cognitive dysfunction, which can occur at any stage of the disease, is associated with changes in the central nervous system. Prevention of these disorders includes the early application of treatment methods that modify the natural course of the disease and the implication of pro-health behaviors, such as quitting smoking, proper diet and physical exercise. Pharmacological treatment shows limited effectiveness. Rehabilitation involving the use of compensatory strategies, remedial methods aimed at brain neuroplasticity and cognitive training shaping new functional networks of the brain is important. The aim of this work is to present the problem of cognitive and emotional disorders in the course of multiple sclerosis, with particular emphasis on endo- and exogenous conditions, together with modern methods of their treatment and prevention. (JNNN 2023;12(3):140–146)Stwardnienie rozsiane (SM) jest chorobą autoimmunologiczną, demielinizacyjną ośrodkowego układu nerwowego. Choroba występuje u pacjentów w różnym wieku, z częstszym występowaniem u kobiet. Etiopatogeneza SM nie jest w pełni poznana, uważa się, że autoreaktywne limfocyty odgrywają kluczową rolę w rozwoju choroby, predyspozycje genetyczne, wpływ czynników środowiskowych również ma znaczenie. Diagnoza opiera się na kryteriach McDonald’a, a choroba ma różne postaci kliniczne. Leczenie opiera się na immunomodulacji, ma na celu kontrolowanie choroby i zapobieganie nawrotom. Częstymi objawami choroby są zaburzenia motoryczne, czuciowe i poznawcze. Upośledzenie funkcji poznawczych, często występujące u pacjentów ze stwardnieniem rozsianym ma liczne konsekwencje w życiu codziennym (psychiczne, społeczne, ekonomiczne), znacznie obniżające jakość życia. Dysfunkcja psychiczno-poznawcza, mogąca wystąpić na każdym etapie choroby związana jest ze zmianami w ośrodkowym układzie nerwowym. Profilaktyka tych zaburzeń obejmuje wczesne stosowanie metod leczenia modyfikujących naturalny przebieg choroby oraz implikowanie zachowań prozdrowotnych, takich jak rzucenie palenia, właściwa dietę i wysiłek fizyczny. Leczenie farmakologiczne wykazuje ograniczoną skuteczność. Ważna jest rehabilitacja polegająca na stosowaniu strategii kompensacyjnych, metodach naprawczych ukierunkowanych na neuroplastyczność mózgu oraz i treningach poznawczych kształtujących nowe sieci funkcjonalne mózgowia. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie problematyki zaburzeń poznawczych i emocjonalnych w przebiegu stwardnienia rozsianego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem schorzeń endo- i egzogennych, wraz z nowoczesnymi metodami ich leczenia i profilaktyki. (PNN 2023;12(3):140–146

Providing information about a child's oncological disease - a challenge for a pediatric oncologist

Introduction: The diagnosis of a serious illness in a family affects all members. The child is a special subject, as he cannot yet understand many aspects of life at such a high perceptual level as an adult. Communicating difficult information is part of the doctor's task and is one of the most difficult parts of the therapeutic process.  The aim of the study: To analyze the methodology of communicating difficult information to pediatric oncology patients. Material and method: Polish and English-language scientific literature from 2012 - 2022 from databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, Web of Science was reviewed. Searches were conducted according to keywords: communicating difficult information, oncology, pediatrics, physician. Results and conclusions: One of the most well-known protocols for communicating difficult information is SPIKES. It describes the basic and necessary steps for properly informing parents and the child about the diagnosis, for example. Healthy siblings should also learn about their brother's illness, but this task falls to the parents. Psycho-oncological support for both the child and parents should be holistic, based on best practices, and tailored to the family's needs. &nbsp

The tasks of a nurse in care for a patient after breast augmentation surgery by the implant placement method

Introduction. Breast augmentation is an increasingly frequent surgical intervention performed in women. This medical procedure is performed in the operating theatre or treatment room under general anesthesia. The doctor makes an incision, creates a pocket in the breast tissue and places an implant. The cut is closed with surgical sutures. A breast augmentation procedure, like any surgical procedure, is associated with the risk of complications. A nurse as a member of a therapeutic team is obliged to provide the highest quality care, prevent complications and perform therapeutic, rehabilitative, educational, preventive and health promotion functions. Aim. The aim of the study is to determine the tasks of a nurse in caring for a patient after a breast augmentation procedure by the implant placement method. Methods and materials. The study was based on the case study method, the research techniques included an interview, nursing observation, measurement and a documentation analysis. The research tools used for the study included the Individual Nursing Care Card, the Visual Analogue Scale - VAS, risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting – the Apfel score. Findings. Nine nursing diagnoses based on the patient's health issues were made during the research process. Conclusions. The nursing problems of the patient after the breast augmentation procedure by the implant placement method result from the procedure itself and hospitalization

Media as a determinant of the sexuality of young Poles

Objective of the work: The aim of this study is to learn about the influence of the media on the sexuality of young Poles. Material and methods: The diagnostic survey method and the survey technique were used, based on the research tool which was the original questionnaire. 310 respondents, different in terms of sex, faith, place of residence and education, current family situation, aged from 16 to 21, participated in the study. Statistical analysis was carried out with the use of Exel 2019 and the SPSS Statisctics package, version 25, using the ANOVA analysis of variance and the Mann-Whitney and H Kruskal-Wallis t-tests. The data collection stage was carried out in the period from October to December 2019, via the Internet. Results and conclusions: Both men and women participating in the study view sexual, erotic and pornographic content in the mass media available to them, but women viewed pornographic content significantly less often than men. The main source of knowledge about sexuality for young Poles is the Internet. Television is relatively rare. Most of the respondents find it difficult to assess whether the media is a credible source of information on human sexuality. Most of the survey participants believe that the media content does not accelerate sexual initiation and does not affect their attitude towards sex. Believers were much less likely to support the credibility of mass media in the context of sexuality than non-believers. Key words: sexuality, sexual behavior, youth, medi

Nursing care for a patient diagnosed with eating disorders in the form of anorexia

Introduction: Nowadays, the problem of eating disorders is becoming more and more common in the society. It affects not only the youth but also adults. The canons of beauty presented by tabloids or advertisements become a benchmark of value for many people who, in pursuit of a perfect figure, are willing to make many sacrifices even at the expense of their own health and life. It is estimated that about 8 – 9% of the population is affected by eating disorders in the form of anorexia or bulimia. Mortality constitutes about 20% of diagnosed cases. A timely diagnosed disorder can be treated mainly with the help of appropriate therapeutic techniques, which allows symptoms to resolve in a significant number of patients. Aim: The aim of the study is to present the tasks of a nurse in care for a patient with diagnosed eating disorders in the form of anorexia. Methods and materials: The study was based on the individual case study method. The adopted research techniques were as follows: the interview, nursing observation, measurements and the analysis of the patient’s medical record documentation. The following research tools were used for the study: the Individual Nursing Care Card, the NRS for pain assessment, the MNA for nutrition status and the Beck Depression Inventory. Findings: During the research process, eight nursing diagnoses based on the patient's health issues were made. Conclusions: Nursing problems in the care of a patient diagnosed with eating disorders in the form of anorexia arise from the disease and the accompanying complications

Nursing care of a patient diagnosed with cholecystolithiasis, treated by laparoscopic surgery

Introduction. Cholecystolithiasis is one of the most common abdominal disorders. Asymptomatic cholecystolithiasis treatment is not undertaken, when clinical symptoms of the disease occur, it is usually treated by laparoscopic or classical cholecystectomy. Currently, a laparoscopic method is recognized as the most beneficial and safest method for removing bile deposits. Aim. The aim of the study is to show the nursing problems of a patient diagnosed with cholecystolithiasis, treated by laparoscopic surgery. Methods and materials. The study was based on the individual case study method, using research techniques such as observation, nursing interview, documentation analysis and measurement. The research tools used for the study are the Individual Nursing Care Card, the Visual Analogue Scale - VAS and the Apfel Score to assess the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Findings and conclusions: During the research process, 7 nursing diagnoses were made regarding health problems of the hospitalization period of a patient diagnosed with cholecystolithiasis, treated by a laparoscopic method. The patient after a surgery involving the removal of the gallbladder suffers from pain caused by tissue disruption, nausea, dizziness and anxiety manifested mainly in the evening, making it difficult for the patient to sleep soundly

Nursing care for a patient after an ischemic stroke

Introduction and aim of the study. More than half of ischemic strokes occur above the age of 65, so a stroke is above all a disease of an old age. The problem of a stroke is crucial, because apart from a high mortality rate it also entails a disability. The aim of the study was to determine the scope of nursing care for the patient after an ischemic stroke. Methods and materials. The study was based on the case study method with the use of the following research techniques: documentation analysis, an interview, measurement and observation. Moreover, the study tools applied comprised: an individualized nursing care plan, Barthel Scale, Glasgow Scale, Dutch Scale, the authors’ own test examining the patient’s knowledge. Criteria for the care categories. Findings. After the interview, the biopsychosocial status of the patient was assessed. Nursing diagnoses were made using the empirical data for this purpose. Conclusions. The sudden occurrence of the disease, hospitalization and lack of support from relatives is a difficult and critical situation for the patient, and it disturbs normal functioning in all spheres: biological, psychological and a social one