Figure 5

<p>Changes in Wadi Gaetri between A 1996 and B 2003. I: In 2003 a hole in the ground is all that testifies to the presence of the stump (1996). II: A green tree has already lost half of its canopy. In 2003 this tree is completely gone, suggesting live felling for charcoal production.</p

Figure 7

<p>Predictions of the A regional and B local models of survival. For the interpretation of axes, note the transformation of variables. Note the viewing direction of B where the azimuthal direction is 315 degrees causing the swap of x and y axes.</p

Figure 4

<p>Sprouting. A Saplings frequently resprout after droughts and/or browsing. This individual has been intentionally encircled by stones. B An <i>Acacia tortilis</i> has to start all over again. C Also in <i>Balanites aegyptiaca</i> root and trunk sprouting seems to be an important mechanism.</p

Variables used as indicators of water conditions in models of recruitment and survival.

<p>The variables are used either in the Regional (R; each site has one estimate) or Local (L; each tree has one estimate) models. Transformations are applied to achieve a normal distribution of variables. Aspect is sinus transformed to facilitate its interpretation. Outlying observations were removed from the dataset.</p

Longevity and growth of ; insights from C content and anatomy of wood-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Longevity and growth of ; insights from C content and anatomy of wood"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6785/7/4</p><p>BMC Ecology 2007;7():4-4.</p><p>Published online 15 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1929062.</p><p></p>ial growth as modelled by the Gompertz equation. The oldest sample is by definition formed in year 0. Establishment is defined as the year in which cumulative radial growth is at least 1 mm, and will be negative compared to the oldest sample from the core in question. Scenario names refer to Table 2. Grey lines (for Jimal a) show scenarios based on 25-year interval dates within 2 sigma ranges for sample VI, i.e. 1800, 1825, 1850, 1875 and 1900. Note the different x-scale on Umm Dihaysi a

Longevity and growth of ; insights from C content and anatomy of wood-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Longevity and growth of ; insights from C content and anatomy of wood"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6785/7/4</p><p>BMC Ecology 2007;7():4-4.</p><p>Published online 15 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1929062.</p><p></p>i.e. wood is formed in the period between 1650 and 1950. Samples with conventional radiocarbon ages of more than 200 years might have been formed as far back as the 16century. Roman numerals refer to locations of samples in the core (Fig. 3). Horizontal lines below probability distributions represent the 1 (upper) and 2 sigma ranges of calibrated dates

Some characteristics of sites studied.

<p> <b>ID</b> refers to labelling in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0000208#pone-0000208-g001" target="_blank">Figs. 1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0000208#pone-0000208-g006" target="_blank">6</a>. <b>Catch</b> is upper catchment size, <b>Alt</b> is altitude and <b>Dens</b> is mature tree density. Note that variation in <b>Dens</b> is considerable. <b>Grn</b> is the greenness category for the majority of individuals and <b>Char</b> is number of charcoal related observations.</p

Summary statistics of the regional generalized linear model of survival.

<p>Variables are transformed (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0000208#pone-0000208-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>). Dispersion parameter for quasibinomial family was estimated as 4.37. For Deviance (Dev.) terms are added sequentially (first to last). SE is Standard Error, SD is Standard Deviation, df is degrees of freedom and Adj. R² is the adjusted coefficient of determination.</p

Figure 3

<p>Change Categorization; an example from Wadi Gaetri. Distance is measured from each interpreted point (IP) to the nearest field observation (FO) with canopy area >6 m². A If an IP has only one FO closer than 20 m, the two points are considered as referring to the same tree and categorized as <i>surviving</i>. B If an IP is separated by more than 20 m from any FO it is considered unmatched and categorized as <i>dead</i>. C If two IPs have the same FO closer than 20 m, the pair with the shortest distance is considered as referring to the same tree and the IP categorized as “<i>surviving</i>”. The second IP is categorized as <i>dead</i> if no other FO is closer than 20 m. Unmatched FOs are categorized as unrecognized and can be either D accounted for and merged with <i>surviving</i> or E not accounted for and merged with <i>new</i> (cf. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0000208#pone.0000208-Andersen2" target="_blank">[32]</a>).</p

Summary of change categorization for sites, including mortality and recruitment estimates.

<p>M_t, M_m, R_t, and N_t are percentages, M_ha, N_ha and R_ha are per hectare. <i>Ac</i> is <i>A. tortilis</i>, <i>Bal</i> is <i>B. aegyptiaca</i>. We recorded 838 individuals in the field. Of <i>surviving</i>, 382 were interpreted directly from imagery. In all 766 interpretations were done from imagery (<i>dead</i>+382).</p