Børns læseforståelse forbedres ikke ved arbejdshukommelsestræning: En systematisk forskningsoversigt

The ability to read and understand what one reads is a complex process that takes children several years to master. Most children find it is easy to understand what they read while other children find this difficult. In the present article, we examined whether working memory training can enhance children’s reading comprehension. The results are presented from a systematic search of published research literature on working memory training with computer-based and non-computer-based training programmes that intend to enhance reading comprehension. Nine studies were identified. Different methodological problems were seen in the studies, and it is concluded that there is no convincing evidence that typically developing children or clinical groups improve their reading comprehension after participating in working memory training. The results are discussed in relation to theories of reading comprehension.At kunne læse og forstå det, man læser, er en kompleks proces, som tager børn mange år at mestre. For de fleste børn er det let at forstå, hvad de læser, mens andre børn har svært ved det. Til denne artikel blev det undersøgt, hvorvidt arbejdshukommelsestræning kan styrke børns læseforståelse. Der præsenteresresultater fra en systematisk søgning af publiceret forskningslitteratur om arbejdshukommelsestræning med computerbaseredeog ikke-computerbaserede træningsprogrammer, der har til hensigt at styrke læseforståelsen. Der blev identificeret i alt ni studier. Der sås forskellige metodiske problemer i de identificerede studier, og det konkluderes, at der ikke findes overbevisende evidens for, at typisk udviklede børn eller kliniske børnegrupper forbedrer deres læseforståelse efter at have deltaget i arbejdshukommelsestræning. Resultaterne diskuteres i relation til teorier om læseforståelse

The adaptation of MAIN to Danish

This paper describes the process of adapting the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (LITMUS-MAIN) to Danish and the use of MAIN in a Danish context. First, there is a brief description of the Danish language followed by details of the process of translating and adapting the MAIN manual to Danish. Finally, we briefly describe some of the research contexts in which the current and previous MAIN materials have been piloted and applied

Perspectives on reading

Artiklen skitserer læsningens psykologi som felt, placerer det i en historisk kontekst og præsenterer et overblik over, hvordan der arbejdes med feltet i Danmark og Norge lige nu – med fokus på teorier om læsning, læseprocesser og indsats i forhold til læsevanskeligheder. Forfatterne beskriver også feltet emergentliteracy og vigtigheden af en pædagogisk praksis, hvor småbørns første møde med skriftsproget er forankret i et nært socialt samspil. Formålet er at bidrage til en fortsat faglig dialog inden for forsknings- og praksisfeltet i Skandinavien, og i konteksten af de nye metodiske tiltag og deres muligheder.This article outlines the field of reading psychology in a historical context and provides an overview of how the field is approached in Denmark andNorway - focusing on theories of reading, reading processes, and reading intervention. The authors also describe the area of emergent literacy and the crucial role close social interactions play in young children’s first experiences with written language. The purpose is to contribute to continued academic dialogue within the field of reading research and practice in Scandinavia

Invasively Measured Aortic Systolic Blood Pressure and Office Systolic Blood Pressure in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment:a Prospective Cohort Study

Aortic systolic blood pressure (BP) represents the hemodynamic cardiac and cerebral burden more directly than office systolic BP. Whether invasively measured aortic systolic BP confers additional prognostic value beyond office BP remains debated. In this study, office systolic BP and invasively measured aortic systolic BP were recorded in 21 908 patients (mean age: 63 years; 58% men; 14% with diabetes mellitus) with stable angina pectoris undergoing elective coronary angiography during January 2001 to December 2012. Multivariate Cox models were used to assess the association with incident myocardial infarction, stroke, and death. Discrimination and reclassification were assessed using Harrell’s C and the Continuous Net Reclassification Index. Data were analyzed with and without stratification by diabetes mellitus status. During a median follow-up period of 3.7 years (range: 0.1–10.8 years), 422 strokes, 511 myocardial infarctions, and 1530 deaths occurred. Both office and aortic systolic BP were associated with stroke in patients with diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio per 10 mm Hg, 1.18 [95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.30] and 1.14 [95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.24], respectively) and with myocardial infarction in patients without diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio, 1.07 [95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.12] and 1.05 [95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.10], respectively). In models including both BP measurements, aortic BP lost statistical significance and aortic BP did not confer improvement in either C-statistics or net reclassification analysis. In conclusion, invasively measured aortic systolic BP does not add prognostic information about cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality compared with office BP in patients with stable angina pectoris, either with or without diabetes mellitus.</jats:p