Depression and Anxiety in Roman Catholic Secular Clergy

A nationally selected random sample of Roman Catholic secular priests was investigated using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y. Additionally, a Self-Report Inventory requested information regarding participants\u27 demographics as well as four categories of predictor variables (i.e., Vocational Satisfaction, Social Support, Spiritual Activities, Physical Environment) potentially associated with depression and anxiety. The study yielded a return rate of 64%. Secular clergy reported significantly greater depression and anxiety (both state and trait) than are reported in the general population. Low Vocational Satisfaction was found to be predictive of depression as well as both state and trait anxiety. Additionally, low Social Support was found to be predictive of state and trait anxiety. When the significant predictor variables were conceptually collapsed, it appeared that both people and place were significantly related to Roman Catholic secular priests\u27 experience of depression and anxiety

Heavy mineral stratigraphy of the Unayzah Formation and Basal Khuff Clastics (Carboniferous to Permian) of Central Saudi Arabia

A study of heavy mineral assemblages in the Unayzah Reservoir sandstones of central Saudi Arabia has identified successive changes in provenance signature. These define four heavy mineral units that are of regional extent and largely coincident with the four main depositional units defined by previous authors: Unayzah C, Unayzah B, Unayzah A and the Basal Khuff Clastics. Sandstone bodies with anomalous mineral signatures also occur, however, especially within the Unayzah B Member. These are attributed to local supply of sand from pre-Unayzah Paleozoic sandstones exposed on the Central Arabian Arch and on intrabasinal highs. The stratigraphic changes in mineralogy reflect successive developments in the geography and climate of the region and in the pattern of sand sourcing and transport. The Unayzah C sands and the majority of Unayzah B sands were derived from the south but whereas the southerly derived Unayzah C sands appear to have been derived from pre-existing mature sandstones, those of Unayzah B were sourced from a wider range of rock types including crystalline basement. This contrast is interpreted as indicating that a significant hiatus may separate the two units. The Unayzah B sands are also characterised by the common presence of apatite, indicating that the source rocks were relatively unweathered. This observation is compatible with the glacial origin attributed to many of the Unayzah B sediments. A further change in provenance signature takes place at the base the newly recognised ‘un-named middle Unayzah member’, equivalent to the base of Unayzah A of previous authors. This is associated with the onset of red-bed sedimentation throughout the area. Unayzah A sedimentation was terminated by a fall in sea level that led to the formation of a widespread unconformity and to the development of deeply incised valleys along the western basin margin. In most of the study area this unconformity corresponds to the base of the Khuff Formation, but in the east of the area, where the succession is more complete, it is believed to occur within the Unayzah Formation, at a level equivalent to the base of the Upper Gharif Member of Oman. By identifying lateral and vertical changes in sand provenance, heavy mineral analysis provides an important additional tool in the stratigraphic analysis of the Permian sandstone succession of Saudi Arabia, both at the regional scale and wand at the scale of individual reservoir sandstone successions

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidadion and halogenation reactions in the gas phase

THE WORK described in this thesis has been carried out over the last ten years at the Chemistry Department of the University of Edinburgh. The work is in the field of gas phase reaction kinetics. Two main aspects of the subject have been studied - gas phase halogenation and gas phase oxidation. These are connected experimentally by the extensive use of gas chromatography as the analytical tool. The author's early studies in both fields were amongst the first in which gas chromatography was applied to reaction kinetics.The work on competitive halogenation reactions (that is the halogenation of mixtures) has resulted in the accurate determination for the first time of forty rate constants and Arrhenius parameters of reactions of the general type:X + RH = XH + R (X = F, CI, Br)and an attempt has been made to give a theoretical interpretation of the A factors of these reactions using a simple model. The results should be of particular value as a check on any more sophisticated theoretical calculations which may be made in the future. They may also form the basis of a valuable method for the accurate determination of bond strengths in hydrocarbons.The work on oxidation developed from a study of the cool flame oxidation of propane carried out for a Ph.D. degree. By the use of gas chromatography for the analysis of the products from the earliest stages of the oxidation of propane between 318 and 475°C and of ethane between 320 and 386°C it has been established that at least 80$ of the alkane initially removed appears in the products as an olefin with the same number of carbon atoms. The most probable reactions are (with propane for example).X + C₃H₈ = XH + C₃H₇C₃H₇ + O₂ = O₃H₆ +HO₂X may be H0₂ but there are thermochemical arguments against this view and the nature of X is still a matter for speculation. Below 400°C the minor products are apparently formed by decomposition of the RO₂ radical but above 400°c pyrolysis reactions of the alkyl radicals become important.By oxidising mixtures of alkanes it has been established that the radical, or radical mixture, X has a reactivity between that of Cl and CH₃O and is therefore unlikely to be HO₂ which is expected to be much more selective than CH₃0 or Cl.Kinetic studies of the oxidation of propane and ethane at about 320°C have shown that surface reactions are kinetically important during the induction period and that the autocatalysis of the oxidations is assisted by the formation of olefins which probably yield branching intermediates more readily than the parent alkanes.The overall mechanism of alkane and olefin oxidation, taking account of the above observations, is discussed in the most recent papers of the series on the oxidation of ethane and ethylene. The thesis concludes with a brief section on the author's work on various aspects of gas chromatography