Shuttle program: OFT ascent/descent ancillary data requirements document

Requirements are presented for the ascent/descent (A/D) navigation and attitude-dependent ancillary data products to be generated for the space shuttle orbiter in support of the orbital flight test (OFT) flight test requirements, MPAD guidance and navigation performance assessment, and the mission evaluation team. The A/D ancillary data support for OFT mission evaluation activities is confined to providing postflight position, velocity, attitude, and associated navigation and attitude derived parameters for the Orbiter over particular flight phases and time intervals

Identification of Genomic Targets of Krüppel-like Factor 9 in Mouse Hippocampal Neurons: Evidence for a Role in Modulating Peripheral Circadian Clocks.

Krueppel-like factor 9 (Klf9) is a transcription factor that has diverse roles in development and physiology. Earlier work showed that Klf9 functions in neuronal differentiation, but nothing was known of its target genes in neurons. I used the mouse hippocampus-derived cell line HT22 to identify Klf9 genomic targets. I engineered HT22 cells to express Klf9 under the control of the tet repressor, and used RNA sequencing to identify genes modulated by Klf9. I identified 567 genes repressed, and 201 induced by Klf9. I also engineered HT22 cells to co-express biotin ligase and a Klf9 fusion protein containing an N-terminal polypeptide that can be biotinylated. Using chromatin-streptavidin precipitation (ChSP) sequencing I identified 3,516 genomic regions where Klf9 associated. Seventy five percent were <1 kilobase from transcription start sites, and Klf9 associated in chromatin with 60% of repressed genes. Computer analysis revealed GC-rich consensus motifs at 98% of regions where Klf9 associated. Transient transfection assays showed that Klf9 repressed promoter activity, which was abrogated after mutation of GC-rich motifs. Expression analysis of a subset of Klf9 target genes in hippocampus of wild type and Klf9-null mice showed that all were dysregulated in the mutants. Gene ontology analysis revealed that Klf9 regulates genes involved in neuronal morphogenesis, neurotrophin signaling, apoptosis and cell division. Analysis of my ChSP-seq data showed that Klf9 associated in chromatin with genes involved in the cellular circadian clock. Klf9 mRNA showed circadian oscillation in synchronized HT22 cells, and in mouse liver and hippocampus in vivo. Klf9 showed rhythmic association with several clock-output genes in mouse liver, supporting a role in regulating circadian gene expression. Forced expression of Klf9 repressed transcription of the clock-output gene Dbp and inhibited activation of the Dbp promoter by CLOCK/Bmal1, supporting that Klf9 antagonizes the CLOCK/Bmal1 complex that forms the positive limb of the circadian oscillator. My dissertation work represents the first analysis of Klf9 genomic targets in neurons, and supports a predominant repressor role for Klf9 in gene transcription. My findings also support that Klf9 acts as a novel component of the negative limb of the circadian clock.PhDNeuroscienceUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/133331/1/knoedlej_1.pd

Balancing beauty and science: a review of facial implant materials in craniofacial surgery.

Facial reconstruction and augmentation, integral in facial plastic surgery, address defects related to trauma, tumors infections, and congenital skeletal deficiencies. Aesthetic considerations, including age-related facial changes, involve volume loss and diminished projection, often associated with predictable changes in the facial skeleton. Autologous, allogeneic, and alloplastic implants are used to address these concerns. Autologous materials such as bone, cartilage, and fat, while longstanding options, have limitations, including unpredictability and resorption rates. Alloplastic materials, including metals, polymers, and ceramics, offer alternatives. Metals like titanium are biocompatible and used primarily in fracture fixation. Polymers, such as silicone and polyethylene, are widely used, with silicone presenting migration, bony resorption, and visibility issues. Polyethylene, particularly porous polyethylene (MedPor), was reported to have one of the lowest infection rates while it becomes incorporated into the host. Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) exhibits mechanical strength and compatibility with imaging modalities, with custom PEEK implants providing stable results. Acrylic materials, like poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA), offer strength and is thus mostly used in the case of cranioplasty. Bioceramics, notably hydroxyapatite (HaP), offer osteoconductive and inductive properties, and HaP granules demonstrate stable volume retention in facial aesthetic augmentation. Combining HaP with other materials, such as PLA, may enhance mechanical stability. 3D bioprinting with HaP-based bioinks presents a promising avenue for customizable and biocompatible implants. In conclusion, various materials have been used for craniofacial augmentation, but none have definitively demonstrated superiority. Larger randomized controlled trials are essential to evaluate short- and long-term complications comprehensively, potentially revolutionizing facial balancing surgery

Three-dimensional medical printing and associated legal issues in plastic surgery: a scoping review

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) represents an emerging field of surgery. 3DP can facilitate the plastic surgeon’s workflow, including preoperative planning, intraoperative assistance, and postoperative follow-up. The broad clinical application spectrum stands in contrast to the paucity of research on the legal framework of 3DP. This imbalance poses a potential risk for medical malpractice lawsuits. To address this knowledge gap, we aimed to summarize the current body of legal literature on medical 3DP in the US legal system. By combining the promising clinical use of 3DP with its current legal regulations, plastic surgeons can enhance patient safety and outcomes

Solving Problems by Analogy: The Benefits and Detriments of Hints and Depressed Moods

In Experiment 1, mildly depressed (dysphoric) and nondysphoric subjects tried to solve logic, problems that were analogous to subsequent target problems; then they attempted target solutions with or wit hour hints in the form of the analogues\u27 themes. Target solutions were impaired by the hints in the nondysphoric group alone. Experiment 2A was a no-training control to verify that transfer did indeed occur. In Experiment 2B, all subjects received hints in the transfer phase; the training phase was either problem oriented (as in Experiment 1) or memory oriented. Again, nondysphoric subjects solved fewerproblems following problem-oriented training than did both dysphoric subjects in that condition and nondysphoric subjects with memory-oriented training. Experiment 3 replicated the previous results in thenondysphoric samples. We, interpret these findings within the, transfer- appropriate processing framework

Reply to Nduka et al. Comment on “Kehrer et al. Using High-Resolution Ultrasound to Assess Post-Facial Paralysis Synkinesis—Machine Settings and Technical Aspects for Facial Surgeons. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 1650”

We thank Dr. Nduka et al. for this interesting article [...

Stand und perspektiven der belarussisch-deutschen wirtschafisbeziehungen

Кнедлер, Герман. Состояние и перспективы белорусско-германских экономических отношени