Immunohistochemical detection of ZAP70 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia predicts immunoglobulin heavy chain gene mutation status and time to progression

Zeta-associated protein-70 (ZAP70) expression measured by flow cytometry has been proposed as a surrogate marker of the somatic mutation status of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV) genes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, attempts to implement this approach in clinical flow cytometry laboratories have been problematic; many commercially available antibodies give unreliable results. Assessment of ZAP70 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in chronic lymphocytic leukemia tissue sections is an easy, alternative approach, although lack of quantitation and subjective interpretation of results are potential pitfalls. In this study, we correlated ZAP70 protein expression, assessed by immunohistochemistry, with ZAP70 messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript expression, assessed by semi-quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay, with the somatic mutation status of the IGHV genes in previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Expression of ZAP70 protein and mRNA transcripts correlated strongly (P=8.238 × 10(-12)). Expression of ZAP70 protein and mRNA transcripts also correlated strongly with the somatic mutation status of the IGHV genes (P=0.000071 and P=0.00076, respectively). Further, ZAP70 positivity by immunohistochemistry was associated with an increased risk of progression to therapy requirement (3-year risk 83% vs 31% for ZAP70 negative by immunohistochemistry, P=0.03). These results show that ZAP70 expression assessed by immunohistochemistry is a reliable surrogate marker of the somatic mutation status of the IGHV genes, and predicts time to progression

Prevalência do "dedo em baioneta": uma manifestação do distúrbio de hiperatividade e déficit de atenção entre alcoolistas e psicóticos do sexo masculino Prevalence of "Bajonettfinger": a manifestation of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder among male alcoholics and psychotics

A prevalência do dedo em baioneta, sinal semiológico do distúrbio de déficit de atenção (DHDA), foi determinada em pacientes alcoolistas e indivíduos com distúrbios psicóticos, do sexo masculino, internados em hospital psiquiátrico. Para comparações foram examinados indivíduos, do sexo masculino, recrutados dentre os funcionários do próprio hospital. A alteração morfológica foi observada em 70/200 (35%) dos alcoolistas, 45/100 (45%) dos psicóticos e 8/50 (16%) dos indivíduos controles. A diferença na prevalência do dedo em baioneta entre alcoolistas e psicóticos não foi significativa, mas o foi entre os alcoolistas ou psicóticos e o grupo controle. Estas observações sugerem, relativamente a população masculina, que: (1) o DHDA e síndromes correlatas estariam, por correlação com a prevalência dos dedos em baioneta, presentes em aproximadamente 1/3 dos alcoolistas e 1/2 dos pacientes com distúrbios psicóticos. (2) o DHDA e síndromes correlatas representariam um fator de vulnerabilidade para o alcoolismo. (3) adolescentes com dedos em baioneta deveriam merecer especial atenção no sentido de prevenção do alcoolismo.<br>The prevalence of Bajonettfinger, a semiologic sign of attention-deficit disorder hyperactivity (ADHD), was determined in male alcoholics and psychotics from a psychiatric hospital. A control group was taken from the hospital staff. The morphologic alteration was observed in 35% of the 200 alcoholics, 45% of the 100 psychotics and 16% of the 50 controls. The difference in prevalence of the sign between the alcoholics and psychotics groups was not significant but the differences between any of these groups and the controls was significant. The observations suggested that: (1) ADHD would be present, as judged through its high correlation with the prevalence of bajonettfinger, in approximately 1/3 of the alcoholics and 1/2 of the psychotics; (2) ADHD would be a vulnerability factor for alcoholism; (3) adolescents with bajonettfinger should deserve special preventive attention with respect to alcoholism