The cultural lens

This chapter reviews the literature on the intersection of culture and human resource management. More specifically, the chapter discusses why and how culture accounts for variance in human resource management practices and their outcomes between organizations operating in diverse cultural contexts. To that end, the chapter first provides a summary of how culture is defined and measured and reviews seven established frameworks of culture. Next, the chapter reviews related studies conducted by members of the Cranfield Network on International Human Resource Management and other established scholars in the literature of cultural variance in human resource management practices (i.e., recruitment and selection, performance management and performance appraisal, training and development, compensation and benefits, flexible work arrangement, diversity management, and high-performance work systems) and their outcomes. The chapter concludes with practical implications for multinational corporations and domestic organizations and provides an overview of future research avenues in the field

Refugees’ vulnerability towards precarious work: An intersectionality perspective

Despite the central role of employment for integration, refugees are particularly vulnerable to under- and unemployment, and are more likely to find themselves in precarious working conditions compared to host country residents. Frequently discussed reasons for this are for example legal restrictions, health issues, and non-recognition of qualifications. We draw on the concept of intersectionality and the psychology of working theory and use data that we have collected with women and men refugees in Turkey and in The Netherlands. We use narrative accounts of four refugees to show how refugees’ gender relates to their vulnerability towards precarious work and how this relationship is further complicated by refugees’ economic status in their home country as well as by the societal expectations and protection in the host environment. By discussing these relationships and their relevance in the larger context of economic and societal upheaval, we suggest several avenues for future resear