Comparison of the prevalence of fibromyalgia in pre-clinical and clinical years among medical students of the Collegium Medicum of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

Fibromialgia to przewlekła choroba reumatyczna tkanek miękkich o nieznanej etiologii charakteryzująca się przewlekłym, wielomiejscowym bólem utrzymującym się przez co najmniej 3 miesiące oraz współwystępującym uczuciem zmęczenia. Patogeneza wciąż nie została dokładnie poznana; podejrzewa się zaburzenia procesów biochemicznych, metabolicznych, a także immunologicznych, niezaprzeczalny jest również wpływ przewlekłego stresu. Celem badania było porównanie występowania fibromialgii wśród studentów poszczególnych roczników kierunku lekarskiego Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie.Introduction: Fibromyalgia is a chronic soft tissue rheumatic disease of unknown aetiology and marked by chronic, multi-sited pain persisting for at least three months and concomitant fatigue. The pathogenesis is still not precisely understood; disturbances of biochemical, metabolic, and immunological processes are suspected, and the impact of chronic stress is also undeniable. This study aims to compare the prevalence of fibromyalgia among students of different years of medical course at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Material and methods: The Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ) incorporating the 2011 and 2016 diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia was used for the survey. Questionnaires were distributed in hard copy during lectures (1–2 years of study) or credits (3–6 years of study). Results: A total of 451 students representing all years were surveyed, sequentially from the first (n = 125), second (n = 96), third (n = 80), fourth (n = 62), fifth (n = 68) and sixth years (n = 20). Seventeen respondents (3.77%) met the diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia according to the ACR 2016. In the pre-clinical years, fibromyalgia was slightly more frequent, however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.1867). In contrast, in the pre-clinical years there was a statistically significantly higher prevalence of symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, trouble thinking or memory problems, waking up feeling tired, and pain in various parts of the spine. Also, students in their pre-clinical years were significantly more likely to meet fibromyalgia criteria such as symptom severity scale, widespread pain index and duration of symptoms of more than 3 months. Conclusions: Although this study did not reveal an increased incidence rate of fibromyalgia among medical students compared to the general population, nor was there a statistically significant difference in terms of the prevalence of fibromyalgia between the first two years of study and the remaining years of study, it clearly highlighted the reduced quality of life in this population group

Ultrasound imaging of abdominal muscles activity among women with stress urinary incontinence: case-control study in Poland

Objectives: The aim of the present study is the assessment of thickness and percentage change in thickness of the musculus obliquus externus abdominis (OE), musculus obliquus internus abdominis (OI) and musculus transversus abdominis (TrA) among women suffering from stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in comparison with healthy controls. Material and methods: The thickness and its percentage changes of the OE, OI and TrA among women with and without SUI were assessed. We observed the reactions of the abdominal muscles among 84 women by means of ultrasound imaging. Results: The thickness of the OE was significantly greater in the SUI group during rest and tension of the lower part of the abdomen. Significant changes were found in the OI for the controls during isometric tension of the abdominal muscles, tension of the lower part of the abdomen, and ASLR (active straight leg raise) test of right leg. The thickness changes in the TrA were significant for the controls during isometric tension of the abdominal muscles. Conclusions: Our results suggest interactions of the pelvic floor and the abdominal muscles during pelvic floor activity, differing in the women with SUI and controls

"Hours at the pen – they heal wounds". The works of Stanisław Grochowiak in the perspective of genetic criticism

Praca jest próbą przedstawienia twórczości Stanisława Grochowiaka, jednego z najwybitniejszych poetów pokolenia „Współczesności”, z perspektywy krytyki genetycznej. Omawia ona proces tekstotwórczy Grochowiaka na podstawie rękopisów poety przechowywanych w Muzeum Literatury w Warszawie. Praca podzielona jest na cztery główne części. Pierwsza z nich – Wstęp – prezentuje w sposób ogólny sylwetkę Stanisława Grochowiaka jako pisarza. Druga podejmuje temat procesu wierszotwórczego: przedstawia ogólnie sposoby pisania związane z poezją oraz omawia szczegółowo proces powstawania wybranych utworów. Trzecia przybliża metody pracy Grochowiaka związane z formami prozatorskimi. Część czwarta komentuje rysunki pisarza pojawiające się systematycznie w jego brulionach, a także analizuje funkcje, jakie mogły one pełnić w stosunku do procesu tekstotwórczego. Każdemu omówionemu utworowi towarzyszy transliteracja tekstu rękopiśmiennego, która pozwala na zinterpretowanie zachodzących w czasie pisania zmian. Całość pozwala zauważyć charakterystyczne i powtarzalne cechy procesu tekstotwórczego Stanisława Grochowiaka, a także dostarcza nowych informacji o jego dziełach.The thesis attempts to present the work of Stanisław Grochowiak, one of the most outstanding poets of the "Współczesność" generation, from the perspective of genetic criticism. It discusses Grochowiak's text-making process based on the poet's manuscripts stored at the Museum of Literature in Warsaw. The work is divided into four main parts. The first – Introduction – presents the general profile of Stanisław Grochowiak as a writer. The second takes up the subject of the poem-making process: it presents methods of poetry writing and discusses in detail the process of creating selected poems. The third introduces Grochowiak's working methods related to prose forms. The fourth part comments on the writer's drawings appearing systematically in his notebooks. It also analyses functions drawings could play in the text-making process. Each of Grochowiak’s work is accompanied by a transliteration of the handwritten text. It allows the interpretation of text changes which appeared in the writing process. The thesis as whole notice characteristic and repeatable features of Stanisław Grochowiak's text-creating process, as well as provides new sort of information about his works