Interakcje w triadzie matka-ojciec-dziecko w diagnozie i terapii dzieci urodzonych ze skrajnym wcześniactwem

Skrajne wcześniactwo stanowi czynnik ryzyka zaburzeń rozwoju nie tylko ze względu na skutki niedojrzałości biologicznej dziecka i powikłania medyczne, szczególnie te negatywnie wpływające na rozwijający się układ nerwowy, ale również poprzez możliwe związki z jakością relacji rodzice-dziecko. Chociaż badania nad interakcjami rodziców z dziećmi urodzonymi przedwcześnie są prowadzone od wielu lat, to jednak w znacznej mierze dotyczą diady, a ich wyniki są niejednoznaczne, a czasem wręcz sprzeczne. Artykuł jest próbą wykazania, że analiza interakcji triadycznych pozwala zarówno na lepsze zrozumienie trudności rozwojowych skrajnych wcześniaków, jak i na znalezienie nowych sposobów wspierania rozwoju tej szczególnej grupy dzieci. Omówione zostaną wybrane wyniki analiz interakcji sześciomiesięcznych niemowląt z rodzicami, a także implikacje zastosowania analizy interakcji triadycznych w praktyce klinicznej

Paternal Involvement and Attention Sharing in Interactions of Premature and Full-Term Infants with Fathers: A Brief Report

The aim of this study was to analyze possible links between paternal involvement and children’s competence in coordinated joint attention (CJA) in preterm versus full-term 12-month-old babies. Paternal involvement was measured through the amount of time fathers allocated to different activities with their infants, whereas children’s capacity for CJA was inferred on the basis of episodes of joint attention (EJA), empirically derived from father-infant interactions. Fifty-nine father-infant dyads participated in the study. Fatherinfant interactions in free-play situations, diaries of infant activities, and semi-structured family interviews were analyzed. Episodes of joint attention were more frequent in interactions of fathers with full-term babies in comparison to extremely premature babies, and in the case of preterm infants, in dyads with highly involved fathers as compared to those with a relatively low level of involvement

Generalized anxiety and depressive symptoms in various age groups during the COVID-19 lockdown. Specific predictors and differences in symptoms severity

Background. Previous studies carried out in different countries indicated that young adults experience higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms than older age groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about which epidemic-related difficulties and factors may contribute to these forms of emotional distress in various age groups. Purpose. The aim of the current study was to investigate: (i) differences in levels of depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms, as well as perceived difficulties related to pandemic across four age groups in the Polish population; (ii) which factors and difficulties related to pandemic are predictors of generalized anxiety and depressive symptoms in various age groups during the COVID-19 lockdown. Method. A total of 1115 participants (aged 18-85) took part in the study. The group was a representative sample of the Polish population in terms of sex, age, and place of residence. Participants completed online: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Scale of Perceived Health and Life Risk of COVID-19, Social Support Sale, Scale of Epidemic-Related Difficulties. Results. Younger age groups (18-29 and 30-44) experienced higher levels of depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms than older adults (45-59 and 60-85 years). Difficulties in relationships and at home were amongst the strongest predictors of depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms in all age groups. Fear and uncertainty related to the spread of the virus were one of the most important predictors of emotional distress in all the groups apart from the adults between 18-29 years, whereas difficulties related to external restrictions were one of the most significant predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms only in the youngest group. Conclusions. Our results indicate that the youngest adults and those experiencing difficulties in relationships among household members were the most vulnerable to depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown. Thus, it is important to plan preventive and therapeutic interventions to support these at-risk individuals in dealing with the challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic