MONITORING OF ORCHID POPULATION IN THE AREA OF PIERZCHNO, COUNTY OF ŚRODA WIELKOPOLSKA (WIELKOPOLSKA) maGdalena kluza-wieloch, sara owczarek

abstract. The subject of the research was the population of orchid growing in the area of Pierzchno in Wielkopolska. This position was found in 2001 where two kinds of orchids were recorded -Orchis morio and Dactylorhiza majalis. Male orchid occurs in the particular position in this geographical region. Quite numerous population of Dactylorhiza majalis (broad-leaved marsh orchid) and counting only a few specimens of the population of Orchis morio were followed in 2013-2015. The research concerned both individual and group features. During this period, we observed a clear progression of broad-leaved marsh orchid population. It resulted in an increase in the number of ramets and the area occupied by it. In the first year of research two experimental plots were extracted and in the next growing season, a third surface was found, occupied by the species. Locating juveniles in the second season also confirms the population dynamics. In the last year of observation, orchids appeared only on the second surface, which substantially increased its dimensions. Unfortunately, in the case of populations of the male orchid clear regression was noted because fewer individuals grew from year to year. On the meadow nearby Pierzchno favourable living conditions were found for Dactylorhiza majalis and unfavourable ones for Orchis morio, which could lead to the disappearance of this population

The phenology of flowering and fluctuations of airborne pollen concentrations of selected trees in Poznań, 2003-2004

The aim of the study was to describe the relationships between the flowering phase of selected tree species, whose pollen is known to be allergenic, and fluctuations in the pollen in the air, and to use results obtained for making allergological forecasts. Studies were conducted of five tree taxa: Populus, Ulmus, Salix, Aesculus, and Tilia, in the years 2003-2004. Aeropalinological analyses concerned the above mentioned genera, while in phenological studies specific species were investigated, i.e. the most common representatives of a given genus found in Poland, that is Populus wilsonii, Ulmus laevis Pall. C. K.Schneid., Salix caprea L., Aesculus hippocastanum L. and Tilia cordata Mill. Aerobiological monitoring was performed using a the volumetric method and phenological observations of flowering phases were made according to the Łukasiewicz method. While observing the emergence of individual phenological symptoms and measurements of the concentration of pollen of the investigated taxa in the air of Poznań, a distinct acceleration was observed in 2004, a year that was characterized by a milder winter. This applied not only to the species blooming in early spring, but also to the later ones. Pollen grains of the investigated taxa, except for Aesculus, appeared earlier in aeropalinological observations than the macroscopically observed beginning of flowering in selected trees. Apart from a poplar, the end of flowering in the other trees occurred each year earlier than would follow from the aerobiological observations. This may be explained by the abundance of species within a taxon, and the effect of medium - and long-distance transport

Zmiennosc i odziedziczalnosc cech lodyg i lisci u badanych typow odmian slonecznika zwyczajnego [Hellianthus annuus L.]

The changes of morphological features of stems and leaves during 3-year experiments of two hybrid cultivars and one population cultivar of oilseed sunflower are described in this paper. Effects of variable environmental factors, sowing density, and different levels of nitrogen fertilization were analysed. The tested sunflower line hybrids were characterised by only slightly more consistent morphological features than the population variety. The most heritable features were the number of leaves on the shoots. The variability of other features were to the largest extent influenced by random factors

Plant height at different developmental stages in observed types of sunflower [Helianthus annuus L.] cultivars

Changes in shoot length during development of two hybrid cultivars and one population cultivar of oilseed sunflower were compared in 3-year trials. Effects of cultivar, climatic factors, sowing density, and fertilization on plant height were analysed. In the conducted experiments, hybrid cultivars had higher shoots than cultivar ‘Wielkopolski’ since the first studied developmental stage (star stage). However, the large plant height does not have a positive effect on their agronomic value. Results of this study show that sunflowers were the highest in 1999 at all developmental stages, which resulted from more favourable weather conditions and soil type. The lowest final plant height was recorded when sunflowers were grown on brown-earth soil. This study confirms that increased sowing density caused a stronger elongation of shoots since the earliest developmental stages.W pracy przedstawiono zmiany długosci pedów w różnych fazach ich rozwoju, jakie zaobserwowano podczas trzyletnich doswiadczeń porównawczych nad dwoma mieszancami liniowymi i odmiana populacyjna słonecznika oleistego. Badano wpływ na te ceche czynników klimatycznych, zmian gęstości siewu i dawek nawozu azotowego. Uzyskane wyniki poddano analizom statystycznym, określono także odziedziczalność wysokości roślin w różnych fazach rozwoju. W przeprowadzonym doswiadczeniu mieszance liniowe zaczynały dominowac wysokościa nad odmianą ‘Wielkopolski’ już przy pierwszym pomiarze długosci pędów w fazie gwiazdki. Stwierdzono jednak, że duża wysokość roślin nie wpływa korzystnie na wartość rolniczą tych odmian. Wyniki referowanych doświadczen wykazały, że obserwowany w 1999 roku najwyższy wzrost roślin, w różnych etapach ich rozwoju, był spowodowany najkorzystniejszymi dla tego procesu warunkami pogodowymi i rodzajem podłoża. Najmniejsza wysokość osiągneły łodygi słoneczników rosnących na glebach brunatnych. Rezultaty badań własnych dowodzą, że zwiększenie gęstości roślin, już od wczesnych faz rozwojowych, powodowało wydłużanie sie łodyg

Variability of seed characteristics in different types of cultivars of common flax Linum usitatissimum L.

Celem pracy było wykazanie zmienności morfologicznej różnych typów odmian lnu zwyczajnego. Przebadano nasiona czterech odmian: oleistej, włóknistej pośredniej i ozdobnej. Doświadczenia prowadzono w latach 2005 i 2008, różniących się warunkami pogodowymi. Analizowano wielkość nasion oraz ich liczbę w torebce i MTN. W latach badań największe nasiona miała odmiana ozdobna, cechowała się też ona najmniejszą ich liczbą. U wszystkich typów odmian długość, szerokość i liczba nasion były podobne, natomiast grubość i MTN osiągnęły znacznie większe wartości w 2008 roku, pomimo suszy przypadającej na wschody lnu oraz w okresie jego dojrzewania. Spośród badanych cech nasion najbardziej zmienną była ich liczba w torebce.The aim of the study was to show morphological variation in seeds of different types of common flax cultivars. Four cultivars were analysed: oil-bearing, fibrous, intermediate and ornamental. Field experiments were conducted in two growing seasons, in 2005 and 2008, differing in weather conditions. The experiments were conducted in Poznań, in 3 replications for each cultivar. Seed length, width and thickness, as well as the number of seeds in the capsule and 1000 seed weight were analyzed. A total number of 30 such measurements were taken for each of the replications. The biggest length, width and thickness of seeds were found for the ornamental cultivar in both years of the experiment. The fibrous cultivar always had the shortest seeds. Different distributions were found for the other two parameters depending of the year of the study. The number of seeds per capsule was always the smallest in the ornamental cultivar. In the first year of the study it was the biggest in the fibrous cultivar and in 2008 – in the oil-bearing cultivar. The biggest 1000 seed weight was found each year for the ornamental cultivar, while the smallest, in the first year – in the fibrous cultivar, and in the next year – in the intermediate cultivar. In 2008, despite drought experienced during the emergence of flax plants and in the time of ripening, on average more seeds were formed in capsules. The mean of 1000 seed weight was also higher. The length and width of seeds were less variable traits in the second year of the study, while the other parameters were characterized by better stability in the first year. Among the investigated seed characteristics the seed number per capsule was the most variable