A Non-invasive Method of Marine Engines Fuel System Diagnostics

Small naval vessels are equipped with high- and medium-speed engines with low diagnostic compliance. Faults in fuel installations are the most common cause of failure or inability to perform operational scenarios adequately. Identification of injector damage is severe as small engines are not equipped with indicators and thermocouples to measure the overall exhaust gas temperature in the exhaust manifold. The paper presents a vibration method for assessing the technical condition of a fuel installation. The proposed method is non-invasive and allows the indication of a damaged injector within a relatively short time. The paper presents simulation results verified with stand-bed tests. The research aimed to show the sensitivity and uniqueness of vibration symptoms to changes in the technical condition of fuel injection pumps. The conducted experiment confirmed the possibility of using vibration tests in the professional diagnostics of the fuel installation. These results are essential for the use of marine engines that do not have indicator valves

A Non-invasive Method of Marine Engines Fuel System Diagnostics

Small naval vessels are equipped with high- and medium-speed engines with low diagnostic compliance. Faults in fuel installations are the most common cause of failure or inability to perform operational scenarios adequately. Identification of injector damage is severe as small engines are not equipped with indicators and thermocouples to measure the overall exhaust gas temperature in the exhaust manifold. The paper presents a vibration method for assessing the technical condition of a fuel installation. The proposed method is non-invasive and allows the indication of a damaged injector within a relatively short time. The paper presents simulation results verified with stand-bed tests. The research aimed to show the sensitivity and uniqueness of vibration symptoms to changes in the technical condition of fuel injection pumps. The conducted experiment confirmed the possibility of using vibration tests in the professional diagnostics of the fuel installation. These results are essential for the use of marine engines that do not have indicator valves

Vibration Diagnostics of Marine Diesel Engines Malfunctions Connected with Injection Pumps Supported by Modelling

The article presents main causes of malfunctions in marine diesel engines fuel injection systems. The measurement section focuses on damage to injection pumps. Measurements were carried out for three technical conditions of a given cylinder injection pump. At the same time, a simplified vibration model of the engine was presented allowing to indicate sensitive components in the frequency domain enabling identification of damages to injection pumps working with individual cylinders. Finally, the results obtained by modelling were compared with the results recorded during laboratory measurements

Preliminary Calculations for Minehunter\u27s Genset Foundations

The requirements for the foundations of naval vessel engines are based on classification rules devised by classification societies or/and military standardization rules. A class guideline was published, defining the requirements, acceptance criteria and machinery seating methods. There is also a schedule of basic calculation procedures for cast resin or rubber chocks which facilitates the process of machinery foundation design, preloading force calculation, the establishment of boundary conditions etc. In case of naval vessels, typical procedures do not meet tactical requirements due to potential explosion loads. Since minehunters are mainly deployed at sea, handling active, naval mines, the shock resistance calculation for the entire machinery, including the Genset, is required. The paper presents preliminary MatLab calculation methods which can be used to analyse the type, number and location of rubber or elastomer chocks. The procedure consists of input data such as UNDEX pressure and technical data of the Genset used in the Polish Navy. Calculation results include the analysis of the dynamic interaction between the Genset and the foundation, as well as the damping effect generated by the UNDEX (UNDerwater EXplosion) shock pulse

Diagnostic Model of Fuel Installation of Marine Diesel Engine

The paper presents the results of simulation of marine diesel engine fuel injector malfunction and its effects on engine vibration. The work includes the analysis of the engine internal forces and their mathematical models. Simplifications are proposed to allow analyzing the system in one degree of freedom. The results of vibration simulations for the model with efficient fuel system and improperly adjusted injector are also presented. The comparison of simulation results with vibration measurements on the engine was also performed, the diagnostic model was identified and simulation errors were calculated. The complexity of other internal and external interactions is the subject of other studies by the authors. The paper analyzes only the effects of energy dissipation - vibration as a symptom of changes in the technical condition

Glycosylation of proteins in healthy and pathological human renal tissues

Cancer development is connected with improper glycosylation of proteins. There are alterations in synthesis and expression of sugar structures. These changes can be important not only at early steps of tumor development but also in next stages connected with cancer invasiveness and its ability to form metastases. Oligosaccharide structures of glycans in tumors deviate from normal cells. Particularly relatively increased degrees of branching and sialylation of N-glycans, enhanced presentation of short-chain mucin-type O-glycans with sialylation and alterations in the expression of blood group ABO and Lewis epitopes can be observed. The main aim of our study was to assess changes in glycosylation of proteins in healthy, intermediate and cancer renal tissues. The study was performed on tissues taken from 15 clinical patients. The relative amounts of sugar structures of proteins with molecular mass above 30 kDa were determined by ELISA test with biotinylated lectins highly specific to proper sugar antigens. Higher expresion of all examined structures was revealed in cancer tissues. Increased levels of sialic acid, fucose, T and Tn antigens, in comparison with healthy state, are characteristic alterations of cancers cell

Correlation analysis of vibrationtime history of shaft lines for drive units of ships used for naval mines disarmament

This paper presents comparative assessment of operation quality of drive shaft lines for the same type of seagoing vessels used on the same basin. The assessment has been made on the basis of vibration analysis. The considered objects differ from each other in terms of operation range and time. 3 ships with two shafts of lines each, have been studied. Measurements were taken in 6 measuring points: for 4 engine rotational speeds: 850, 1100, 1300 and 1500. A macro has been developed to be used for division of files into axes and time histories, each including 1024 separate measurements for each point, for every direction, each rotational speed and usable and unusable shaft lines. A correlation characteristic of time histories – normalized value of correlation function for signals suitable and unsuitable in reference to a randomly selected suitable signal, has been calculated for each combination. A characteristic of concentrated type has been accepted for standard deviation lower than 15 % of the average. A module and the sum of standard deviations have been calculated from the difference of mean values of usable and unusable for use objects, for each combination of particular characteristics. It has been assumed that the characteristic is reliable if the module of mean values difference is higher than the sum of standard deviations. Since the concentration of value for normalized correlation function of signals for usable and unusable for use units is relatively high it has been assumed that this characteristic can be worked out so as to provide reliable data to be used for assessment of their operation quality in the analyzed period of time