Duplication of the inferior vena cava : evidence of a novel type IV

Anatomical variations of the inferior vena cava, including the double inferior vena cava or isolated left inferior vena cava, are uncommon and of great clinical importance. Inferior vena cava variations signify predisposition to deep vein thrombosis and may complicate retroperitoneal surgeries including abdominal aortic surgery. Failure to recognize such variations may predispose a patient to life- threatening complications. This prospective anatomical study assessed 129 cadavers for variations of the inferior vena cava. One of the 129 cadavers (0.78%) possessed a double inferior vena cava and none (0%) possessed an isolated left inferior vena cava. The left-sided inferior vena cava was of a larger diameter than that of the right-sided inferior vena cava - opposite of what would be seen in a Type III duplication. Therefore, this observation expands the three-type classification system to include a Type IV duplication

Virtual Anatomy Labs for Pre-Professional Health Sciences Students

Our department turns away many students seeking an undergraduate human anatomy course as prerequisite for other programs. To address this problem, an online human anatomy course was designed. The course was successfully offered beginning in 2002. We are now addressing the question asked by students Is there a lab with this course? Virtual anatomy labs targeted for specific groups of students are now under development. The experience of working in the gross anatomy lab is often overwhelming for students, as there is little opportunity for preparation. Our experience with nursing students indicates that online self-paced lab preparation is useful. Our first Virtual Anatomy Lab course is designed for pre- physical and occupational therapy, athletic trainers and pre-medical students. Emphasis of this course is limbs and back. The laboratory text Learning Human Anatomy with companion CDROM Anatomy Lab enables the student to work independently before coming to the gross anatomy lab. Virtual and real visits to the anatomy lab will be arranged in addition to the online assignments. The Virtual Anatomy Lab: Head and Neck will be the next course designed for dental hygiene and pre-dental students. The combination of the general anatomy course and the Virtual Lab in an area of interest will provide sufficient information to fulfill prerequisite requirements and prepare for higher level anatomy courses

Thorax Virtual Anatomy Lab for Pre-Professional Health Sciences Students

This is an online tutorial that serves as an introduction to human thorax gross anatomy for pre-professional health sciences students. Its objective is to stimulate active self-directed learning by integrating gross anatomy into a structured format that is readily accessible for local and distance learning. The thorax and its parts are dissected, photographed, and the images are digitized for computer-assisted instruction. They are constructed with Flash software for interactive learning. This knowledge is critical to prepare students for their clinical years. Active learning was achieved by grouping the contents into parts dealing with the thorax anatomy, e.g., the wall, lungs, heart, and mediastinum. The use of drag and drop labels on high quality images provides the interactive learning. It challenges students with identification and matching exercises, as well as cadaver lab quizzes. It compliments didactic and practical activities for nursing and dental hygiene students enrolled in the Human Anatomy Online course. Note: This resource consists of separate pieces of content. You may need to access via website, download resource files and/or request additional information from MedEdPORTAL staff to access the full publication

Virtual Anatomy Labs for Pre-Professional Health Sciences Students

Our department turns away many students seeking an undergraduate human anatomy course as prerequisite for other programs. To address this problem, an online human anatomy course was designed. The course was successfully offered beginning in 2002. We are now addressing the question asked by students Is there a lab with this course? Virtual anatomy labs targeted for specific groups of students are now under development. The experience of working in the gross anatomy lab is often overwhelming for students, as there is little opportunity for preparation. Our experience with nursing students indicates that online self-paced lab preparation is useful. Our first Virtual Anatomy Lab course is designed for pre- physical and occupational therapy, athletic trainers and pre-medical students. Emphasis of this course is limbs and back. The laboratory text Learning Human Anatomy with companion CDROM Anatomy Lab enables the student to work independently before coming to the gross anatomy lab. Virtual and real visits to the anatomy lab will be arranged in addition to the online assignments. The Virtual Anatomy Lab: Head and Neck will be the next course designed for dental hygiene and pre-dental students. The combination of the general anatomy course and the Virtual Lab in an area of interest will provide sufficient information to fulfill prerequisite requirements and prepare for higher level anatomy courses

Thorax Virtual Anatomy Lab for Pre-Professional Health Sciences Students

This is an online tutorial that serves as an introduction to human thorax gross anatomy for pre-professional health sciences students. Its objective is to stimulate active self-directed learning by integrating gross anatomy into a structured format that is readily accessible for local and distance learning. The thorax and its parts are dissected, photographed, and the images are digitized for computer-assisted instruction. They are constructed with Flash software for interactive learning. This knowledge is critical to prepare students for their clinical years. Active learning was achieved by grouping the contents into parts dealing with the thorax anatomy, e.g., the wall, lungs, heart, and mediastinum. The use of drag and drop labels on high quality images provides the interactive learning. It challenges students with identification and matching exercises, as well as cadaver lab quizzes. It compliments didactic and practical activities for nursing and dental hygiene students enrolled in the Human Anatomy Online course. Note: This resource consists of separate pieces of content. You may need to access via website, download resource files and/or request additional information from MedEdPORTAL staff to access the full publication