Comics im World Wide Web

Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist eine Betrachtung, die die Beziehung Comics und World Wide Web beleuchtet. Es werden die Merkmale der Comics herausgearbeitet mit dem Ziel, Arbeitsdefinitionen zu Comics für eine Web-Suche im Internet zu schaffen. Zum besseren Verständnis wird die Entwicklung der Comics von Ihren Anfängen bis zur heutigen Zeit näher erläutert. Hierbei werden die Entwicklung der Comics in den USA und in Europa und das Comics-Verständnis der amerikanischen und europäischen Gesellschaft über ein entsprechendes Literaturstudium untersucht. Danach folgt eine Beschreibung des World Wide Web, wobei auch auf das Internet eingegangen wird. Bevor es zur genauen Untersuchung „Verhältnis / Beziehung von Comics zu / mit dem World Wide Web“ kommt, werden Suchmaschinen, im speziellen die hier verwendete Suchmaschine Google, beschrieben. Am Ende sind die Resultate der Web-Recherche und der Fragebögen auszuwerten. Eine Zusammenfassung, die die Ergebnisse der Arbeit beschreibt und der Versuch eines Ausblickes auf zukünftige Weiterentwicklungen der Beziehung Comics - Web schließen die vorliegenden Betrachtungen ab, wobei auch die jüngsten wirtschaftlichen Erfahrungen mit dem e-Book diskutiert werden

Local anesthetics for brain tumor resection: Current perspectives

This review summarizes the added value of local anesthetics in patients undergoing craniotomy for brain tumor resection, which is a procedure that is carried out frequently in neurosurgical practice. The procedure can be carried out under general anesthesia, sedation with local anesthesia or under local anesthesia only. Literature shows a large variation in the postoperative pain intensity ranging from no postoperative analgesia requirement in two-thirds of the patients up to a rate of 96% of the patients suffering from severe postoperative pain. The only identified causative factor predicting higher postoperative pain scores is infratentorial surgery. Postoperative analgesia can be achieved with multimodal pain management where local anesthesia is associated with lower postoperative pain intensity, reduction in opioid requirement and prevention of development of chronic pain. In awake craniotomy patients, sufficient local anesthesia is a cornerstone of the procedure. An awake craniotomy and brain tumor resection can be carried out completely under local anesthesia only. However, the use of sedative drugs is common to improve patient comfort during craniotomy and closure. Local anesthesia for craniotomy can be performed by directly blocking the six different nerves that provide the sensory innervation of the scalp, or by local infiltration of the surgical site and the placement of the pins of the Mayfield clamp. Direct nerve block has potential complications and pitfalls and is technically more challenging, but mostly requires lower total doses of the local anesthetics than the doses required in surgical-site infiltration. Due to a lack of comparative studies, there is no evidence showing superiority of one technique versus the other. Besides the use of other local anesthetics for analgesia, intravenous lidocaine administration has proven to be a safe and effective method in the prevention of coughing during emergence from general anesthesia and extubation, which is especially appreciated after brain tumor resection

A critical appraisal of perioperative sleep apnoea management after nasal surgery:A review of up-to-date literature supplemented by findings of a retrospective observational study

Objective: To review the current recommendations on postoperative precautions for obstructive sleep apnoea patients undergoing elective nasal surgery. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Anesthesiology/Intensive Care, University Teaching Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Participants: The medical charts of 61 patients with sleep apnoea who were admitted to the post-anaesthesia care unit between 2016 and 2020, following nasal surgery were reviewed. Main outcome measures: Number of respiratory events during post-anaesthesia care unit admission that required medical intervention. Results: In all 61 patients, continuous positive airway pressure could not be used. In 13 patients (8%), decreased oxygen saturation levels were registered during the first postoperative night, and in five of these patients, supplemental oxygen was needed. No other respiratory incidents of medical interventions were registered. Conclusions: The number of clinically relevant respiratory events of obstructive sleep apnoea patients with bilateral nasal packing following nasal surgery is low. We suggest that the safety of less expensive and less scarce alternatives of postoperative observation should be explored.</p

A critical appraisal of perioperative sleep apnoea management after nasal surgery:A review of up-to-date literature supplemented by findings of a retrospective observational study

Objective: To review the current recommendations on postoperative precautions for obstructive sleep apnoea patients undergoing elective nasal surgery. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Anesthesiology/Intensive Care, University Teaching Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Participants: The medical charts of 61 patients with sleep apnoea who were admitted to the post-anaesthesia care unit between 2016 and 2020, following nasal surgery were reviewed. Main outcome measures: Number of respiratory events during post-anaesthesia care unit admission that required medical intervention. Results: In all 61 patients, continuous positive airway pressure could not be used. In 13 patients (8%), decreased oxygen saturation levels were registered during the first postoperative night, and in five of these patients, supplemental oxygen was needed. No other respiratory incidents of medical interventions were registered. Conclusions: The number of clinically relevant respiratory events of obstructive sleep apnoea patients with bilateral nasal packing following nasal surgery is low. We suggest that the safety of less expensive and less scarce alternatives of postoperative observation should be explored.</p

Anesthesiological Aspects of Awake Craniotomy

This thesis aims to provide a solid framework of the anesthesiological aspects linked to an awake craniotomy procedure for brain tumor resection. To begin with, it should be clarified, that the term ‘anesthesiological’ in case of the awake craniotomy covers the whole non-operative/non-surgical context, including metabolic and psychological aspects, too - and not only sedation and analgesia. In summary, after the publicatio

Absolute risk, absolute risk reduction and relative risk

This article illustrates the epidemiological concepts of absolute risk, absolute risk reduction and relative risk through a clinical example. In addition, it emphasizes the usefulness of these concepts in clinical practice, clinical research and health decision-making process

Riesgo absoluto, reducción absoluta de riesgo y riesgo relativo.

This article illustrates the epidemiological concepts of absolute risk, absolute risk reduction and relative risk through a clinical example. In addition, it emphasizes the usefulness of these concepts in clinical practice, clinical research and health decision-making process.Resumen. Este artículo ilustra, a través de un ejemplo clínico, los conceptos epidemiológicos de las medidas de riesgo más empleadas: riesgo absoluto, reducción absoluta de riesgo y riesgo relativo. Recalca adicionalmente la utilidad de estas medidas de riesgo en la práctica clínica, en el proceso de investigación y en la toma de decisiones en salud