Multifunctionality of Agriculture: Comments, Case Studies and Areas for Further Research

Agricultural and Food Policy,

Practical Approaches and Guidance to Small Business Organization Cyber Risk and Threat Assessments

Cyber-attacks and breaches can occur in any organization type, and the areas of small businesses are not exempt from this nefarious activity. This research note and rapid review provide various cybersecurity tools, guidelines, and frameworks that a small business can consider when embarking on the action to assess its cybersecurity hygiene and defensive stance. The content was pulled together in response to the need for an easy-to-digest approach that a small business utilizes to gain valuable confidence to undertake a self-assessment or third-party review of an organization’s cybersecurity plans. Regarding cybersecurity concerns, doing nothing is not an option, and taking an initial step to review computing, information technology, and data systems practices will only be beneficial in attempting to sustain a business and organization

Phenolic Compounds as Cultivar- and Variety-distinguishing Factors in Some Plant Products

The aim of the study was to determine whether phenolic compounds in some varieties of buckwheat, winter and spring barley and peas can be used as factors which distinguish selected cultivars and varieties of plant material. It was observed that the content of total phenolics might be useful as a cultivar-distinguishing factor for all the plant materials analyzed, but it was a distinguishing factor for only some varieties. Individual cultivars and varieties were best distinguished by the content of syringic acid. The levels of syringic and vanillic acids were in reverse proportion to the total amount of phenolics soluble in methanol and a positive correlation between syringic and ferulic acid was observed. Moreover, the protein content of plant material was analyzed and a significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlation between this component and ferulic and vanillic acids was noted

The Effect of Domestic Preparation of Some Potato Products on Acrylamide Content

The influence that food heating has on the concentration of acrylamide in home-cooked potato dishes prepared by high-temperature, such as pan-frying, deep-frying, roasting and microwave heating was analyzed. The experiment was performed with commercially available deep-frozen par-fried French fries and deep-frozen par-fried potato products other than French fries (cubes, wedges, noisettes, pancakes). Acrylamide was found in all deep-frozen par-fried French fries and other deep-frozen par-fried potato products before domestic preparation. The mean level of acrylamide content in all frozen potato products before preparation was found to be 322 μg/kg. Potato products were then prepared at 180 °C for 3 min and at 220 °C for 10 min. After domestic preparation (roasting, pan-frying, deep-frying and microwave heating) it was found that the level of acrylamide in all products increased. Acrylamide content in the analyzed samples significantly increased as the temperature and time of processing increased. The statistical analysis showed significant differences (P < 0.05) for acrylamide content as a function of food preparation. The level of acrylamide increased with the increased heating temperature and heating time. Additionally, the preparation method of roasting was significantly lower in acrylamide content (P < 0.05) than the preparation method of microwaving although both preparation methods used the same conditions (time and temperature). These results suggest that microwaving might be more favourable to the formation of acrylamide than conventional heating methods, such as roasting

Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy Sectors: Selected Indicators in European Union and Poland

The aim of this article was to show the position of Poland in the renewable energy subsectors among the European Union countries. The research covered the areas of biomass, solar heating and heat pumps, showing the degree of their utilization, power required to drive the system and their production in 2016. The provided information was supplemented with a revenues per employee in thousand euros in chosen subsectors of renewable energy sources in the year 2016. The main tool for carrying out the set objective was the use of descriptive and comparative methods. The results of the survey demonstrated Poland’s prominent place in the sector of liquid biofuels (1st place in EU), thanks to the significant supply of raw materials as well as development perspectives in solar energy, which is confirmed by the world&apos;s statistics indicating a record number of photovoltaic installations fitted (PV)

Strategiczne ramy polityki wizowej Unii Europejskiej wobec Federacji Rosyjskiej

Zdigitalizowano i udostępniono w ramach projektu pn. Rozbudowa otwartych zasobów naukowych Repozytorium Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku, dofinansowanego z programu „Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki” Ministra Edukacji i Nauki na podstawie umowy SONB/SP/512497/2021799